mirror of https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin
147 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
147 lines
6.3 KiB
Markdown
Sample init scripts and service configuration for bitcoind
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==========================================================
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Sample scripts and configuration files for systemd, Upstart and OpenRC
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can be found in the contrib/init folder.
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contrib/init/bitcoind.service: systemd service unit configuration
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contrib/init/bitcoind.openrc: OpenRC compatible SysV style init script
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contrib/init/bitcoind.openrcconf: OpenRC conf.d file
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contrib/init/bitcoind.conf: Upstart service configuration file
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contrib/init/bitcoind.init: CentOS compatible SysV style init script
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Service User
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---------------------------------
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All three Linux startup configurations assume the existence of a "bitcoin" user
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and group. They must be created before attempting to use these scripts.
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The macOS configuration assumes bitcoind will be set up for the current user.
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Configuration
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---------------------------------
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Running bitcoind as a daemon does not require any manual configuration. You may
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set the `rpcauth` setting in the `bitcoin.conf` configuration file to override
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the default behaviour of using a special cookie for authentication.
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This password does not have to be remembered or typed as it is mostly used
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as a fixed token that bitcoind and client programs read from the configuration
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file, however it is recommended that a strong and secure password be used
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as this password is security critical to securing the wallet should the
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wallet be enabled.
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If bitcoind is run with the "-server" flag (set by default), and no rpcpassword is set,
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it will use a special cookie file for authentication. The cookie is generated with random
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content when the daemon starts, and deleted when it exits. Read access to this file
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controls who can access it through RPC.
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By default the cookie is stored in the data directory, but it's location can be overridden
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with the option '-rpccookiefile'.
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This allows for running bitcoind without having to do any manual configuration.
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`conf`, `pid`, and `wallet` accept relative paths which are interpreted as
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relative to the data directory. `wallet` *only* supports relative paths.
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For an example configuration file that describes the configuration settings,
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see `share/examples/bitcoin.conf`.
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Paths
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---------------------------------
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### Linux
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All three configurations assume several paths that might need to be adjusted.
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Binary: /usr/bin/bitcoind
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Configuration file: /etc/bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
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Data directory: /var/lib/bitcoind
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PID file: /var/run/bitcoind/bitcoind.pid (OpenRC and Upstart) or
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/run/bitcoind/bitcoind.pid (systemd)
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Lock file: /var/lock/subsys/bitcoind (CentOS)
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The PID directory (if applicable) and data directory should both be owned by the
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bitcoin user and group. It is advised for security reasons to make the
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configuration file and data directory only readable by the bitcoin user and
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group. Access to bitcoin-cli and other bitcoind rpc clients can then be
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controlled by group membership.
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NOTE: When using the systemd .service file, the creation of the aforementioned
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directories and the setting of their permissions is automatically handled by
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systemd. Directories are given a permission of 710, giving the bitcoin group
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access to files under it _if_ the files themselves give permission to the
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bitcoin group to do so. This does not allow
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for the listing of files under the directory.
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NOTE: It is not currently possible to override `datadir` in
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`/etc/bitcoin/bitcoin.conf` with the current systemd, OpenRC, and Upstart init
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files out-of-the-box. This is because the command line options specified in the
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init files take precedence over the configurations in
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`/etc/bitcoin/bitcoin.conf`. However, some init systems have their own
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configuration mechanisms that would allow for overriding the command line
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options specified in the init files (e.g. setting `BITCOIND_DATADIR` for
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OpenRC).
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### macOS
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Binary: /usr/local/bin/bitcoind
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Configuration file: ~/Library/Application Support/Bitcoin/bitcoin.conf
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Data directory: ~/Library/Application Support/Bitcoin
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Lock file: ~/Library/Application Support/Bitcoin/.lock
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Installing Service Configuration
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-----------------------------------
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### systemd
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Installing this .service file consists of just copying it to
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/usr/lib/systemd/system directory, followed by the command
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`systemctl daemon-reload` in order to update running systemd configuration.
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To test, run `systemctl start bitcoind` and to enable for system startup run
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`systemctl enable bitcoind`
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NOTE: When installing for systemd in Debian/Ubuntu the .service file needs to be copied to the /lib/systemd/system directory instead.
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### OpenRC
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Rename bitcoind.openrc to bitcoind and drop it in /etc/init.d. Double
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check ownership and permissions and make it executable. Test it with
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`/etc/init.d/bitcoind start` and configure it to run on startup with
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`rc-update add bitcoind`
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### Upstart (for Debian/Ubuntu based distributions)
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Upstart is the default init system for Debian/Ubuntu versions older than 15.04. If you are using version 15.04 or newer and haven't manually configured upstart you should follow the systemd instructions instead.
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Drop bitcoind.conf in /etc/init. Test by running `service bitcoind start`
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it will automatically start on reboot.
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NOTE: This script is incompatible with CentOS 5 and Amazon Linux 2014 as they
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use old versions of Upstart and do not supply the start-stop-daemon utility.
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### CentOS
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Copy bitcoind.init to /etc/init.d/bitcoind. Test by running `service bitcoind start`.
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Using this script, you can adjust the path and flags to the bitcoind program by
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setting the BITCOIND and FLAGS environment variables in the file
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/etc/sysconfig/bitcoind. You can also use the DAEMONOPTS environment variable here.
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### macOS
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Copy org.bitcoin.bitcoind.plist into ~/Library/LaunchAgents. Load the launch agent by
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running `launchctl load ~/Library/LaunchAgents/org.bitcoin.bitcoind.plist`.
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This Launch Agent will cause bitcoind to start whenever the user logs in.
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NOTE: This approach is intended for those wanting to run bitcoind as the current user.
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You will need to modify org.bitcoin.bitcoind.plist if you intend to use it as a
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Launch Daemon with a dedicated bitcoin user.
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Auto-respawn
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-----------------------------------
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Auto respawning is currently only configured for Upstart and systemd.
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Reasonable defaults have been chosen but YMMV.
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