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---
title: "Swift"
description: "Swift"
versionIntroduced: "v0.91"
---
# {{< icon "fa fa-space-shuttle" >}} Swift
Swift refers to [OpenStack Object Storage](https://docs.openstack.org/swift/latest/).
Commercial implementations of that being:
* [Rackspace Cloud Files](https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/files/)
* [Memset Memstore](https://www.memset.com/cloud/storage/)
* [OVH Object Storage](https://www.ovh.co.uk/public-cloud/storage/object-storage/)
* [Oracle Cloud Storage](https://docs.oracle.com/en-us/iaas/integration/doc/configure-object-storage.html)
* [IBM Bluemix Cloud ObjectStorage Swift](https://console.bluemix.net/docs/infrastructure/objectstorage-swift/index.html)
Paths are specified as `remote:container` (or `remote:` for the `lsd`
command.) You may put subdirectories in too, e.g. `remote:container/path/to/dir`.
## Configuration
Here is an example of making a swift configuration. First run
rclone config
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
```
No remotes found, make a new one?
n) New remote
s) Set configuration password
q) Quit config
n/s/q> n
name> remote
Type of storage to configure.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
[snip]
XX / OpenStack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)
\ "swift"
[snip]
Storage> swift
Get swift credentials from environment variables in standard OpenStack form.
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Enter swift credentials in the next step
\ "false"
2 / Get swift credentials from environment vars. Leave other fields blank if using this.
\ "true"
env_auth> true
User name to log in (OS_USERNAME).
user>
API key or password (OS_PASSWORD).
key>
Authentication URL for server (OS_AUTH_URL).
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Rackspace US
\ "https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
2 / Rackspace UK
\ "https://lon.auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
3 / Rackspace v2
\ "https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0"
4 / Memset Memstore UK
\ "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v1.0"
5 / Memset Memstore UK v2
\ "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v2.0"
6 / OVH
\ "https://auth.cloud.ovh.net/v3"
auth>
User ID to log in - optional - most swift systems use user and leave this blank (v3 auth) (OS_USER_ID).
user_id>
User domain - optional (v3 auth) (OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME)
domain>
Tenant name - optional for v1 auth, this or tenant_id required otherwise (OS_TENANT_NAME or OS_PROJECT_NAME)
tenant>
Tenant ID - optional for v1 auth, this or tenant required otherwise (OS_TENANT_ID)
tenant_id>
Tenant domain - optional (v3 auth) (OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME)
tenant_domain>
Region name - optional (OS_REGION_NAME)
region>
Storage URL - optional (OS_STORAGE_URL)
storage_url>
Auth Token from alternate authentication - optional (OS_AUTH_TOKEN)
auth_token>
AuthVersion - optional - set to (1,2,3) if your auth URL has no version (ST_AUTH_VERSION)
auth_version>
Endpoint type to choose from the service catalogue (OS_ENDPOINT_TYPE)
Choose a number from below, or type in your own value
1 / Public (default, choose this if not sure)
\ "public"
2 / Internal (use internal service net)
\ "internal"
3 / Admin
\ "admin"
endpoint_type>
Remote config
--------------------
[test]
env_auth = true
user =
key =
auth =
user_id =
domain =
tenant =
tenant_id =
tenant_domain =
region =
storage_url =
auth_token =
auth_version =
endpoint_type =
--------------------
y) Yes this is OK
e) Edit this remote
d) Delete this remote
y/e/d> y
```
This remote is called `remote` and can now be used like this
See all containers
rclone lsd remote:
Make a new container
rclone mkdir remote:container
List the contents of a container
rclone ls remote:container
Sync `/home/local/directory` to the remote container, deleting any
excess files in the container.
rclone sync --interactive /home/local/directory remote:container
### Configuration from an OpenStack credentials file
An OpenStack credentials file typically looks something something
like this (without the comments)
```
export OS_AUTH_URL=https://a.provider.net/v2.0
export OS_TENANT_ID=ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
export OS_TENANT_NAME="1234567890123456"
export OS_USERNAME="123abc567xy"
echo "Please enter your OpenStack Password: "
read -sr OS_PASSWORD_INPUT
export OS_PASSWORD=$OS_PASSWORD_INPUT
export OS_REGION_NAME="SBG1"
if [ -z "$OS_REGION_NAME" ]; then unset OS_REGION_NAME; fi
```
The config file needs to look something like this where `$OS_USERNAME`
represents the value of the `OS_USERNAME` variable - `123abc567xy` in
the example above.
```
[remote]
type = swift
user = $OS_USERNAME
key = $OS_PASSWORD
auth = $OS_AUTH_URL
tenant = $OS_TENANT_NAME
```
Note that you may (or may not) need to set `region` too - try without first.
### Configuration from the environment
If you prefer you can configure rclone to use swift using a standard
set of OpenStack environment variables.
When you run through the config, make sure you choose `true` for
`env_auth` and leave everything else blank.
rclone will then set any empty config parameters from the environment
using standard OpenStack environment variables. There is [a list of
the
variables](https://godoc.org/github.com/ncw/swift#Connection.ApplyEnvironment)
in the docs for the swift library.
### Using an alternate authentication method
If your OpenStack installation uses a non-standard authentication method
that might not be yet supported by rclone or the underlying swift library,
you can authenticate externally (e.g. calling manually the `openstack`
commands to get a token). Then, you just need to pass the two
configuration variables ``auth_token`` and ``storage_url``.
If they are both provided, the other variables are ignored. rclone will
not try to authenticate but instead assume it is already authenticated
and use these two variables to access the OpenStack installation.
#### Using rclone without a config file
You can use rclone with swift without a config file, if desired, like
this:
```
source openstack-credentials-file
export RCLONE_CONFIG_MYREMOTE_TYPE=swift
export RCLONE_CONFIG_MYREMOTE_ENV_AUTH=true
rclone lsd myremote:
```
### --fast-list
This remote supports `--fast-list` which allows you to use fewer
transactions in exchange for more memory. See the [rclone
docs](/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
### --update and --use-server-modtime
As noted below, the modified time is stored on metadata on the object. It is
used by default for all operations that require checking the time a file was
last updated. It allows rclone to treat the remote more like a true filesystem,
but it is inefficient because it requires an extra API call to retrieve the
metadata.
For many operations, the time the object was last uploaded to the remote is
sufficient to determine if it is "dirty". By using `--update` along with
`--use-server-modtime`, you can avoid the extra API call and simply upload
files whose local modtime is newer than the time it was last uploaded.
### Modified time
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
`X-Object-Meta-Mtime` as floating point since the epoch accurate to 1
ns.
This is a de facto standard (used in the official python-swiftclient
amongst others) for storing the modification time for an object.
### Restricted filename characters
| Character | Value | Replacement |
| --------- |:-----:|:-----------:|
| NUL | 0x00 | ␀ |
| / | 0x2F | ／ |
Invalid UTF-8 bytes will also be [replaced](/overview/#invalid-utf8),
as they can't be used in JSON strings.
{{< rem autogenerated options start" - DO NOT EDIT - instead edit fs.RegInfo in backend/swift/swift.go then run make backenddocs" >}}
### Standard options
Here are the Standard options specific to swift (OpenStack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)).
#### --swift-env-auth
Get swift credentials from environment variables in standard OpenStack form.
Properties:
- Config: env_auth
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_ENV_AUTH
- Type: bool
- Default: false
- Examples:
- "false"
- Enter swift credentials in the next step.
- "true"
- Get swift credentials from environment vars.
- Leave other fields blank if using this.
#### --swift-user
User name to log in (OS_USERNAME).
Properties:
- Config: user
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_USER
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-key
API key or password (OS_PASSWORD).
Properties:
- Config: key
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_KEY
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-auth
Authentication URL for server (OS_AUTH_URL).
Properties:
- Config: auth
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_AUTH
- Type: string
- Required: false
- Examples:
- "https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
- Rackspace US
- "https://lon.auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
- Rackspace UK
- "https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0"
- Rackspace v2
- "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v1.0"
- Memset Memstore UK
- "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v2.0"
- Memset Memstore UK v2
- "https://auth.cloud.ovh.net/v3"
- OVH
#### --swift-user-id
User ID to log in - optional - most swift systems use user and leave this blank (v3 auth) (OS_USER_ID).
Properties:
- Config: user_id
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_USER_ID
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-domain
User domain - optional (v3 auth) (OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME)
Properties:
- Config: domain
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_DOMAIN
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-tenant
Tenant name - optional for v1 auth, this or tenant_id required otherwise (OS_TENANT_NAME or OS_PROJECT_NAME).
Properties:
- Config: tenant
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_TENANT
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-tenant-id
Tenant ID - optional for v1 auth, this or tenant required otherwise (OS_TENANT_ID).
Properties:
- Config: tenant_id
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_TENANT_ID
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-tenant-domain
Tenant domain - optional (v3 auth) (OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME).
Properties:
- Config: tenant_domain
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_TENANT_DOMAIN
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-region
Region name - optional (OS_REGION_NAME).
Properties:
- Config: region
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_REGION
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-storage-url
Storage URL - optional (OS_STORAGE_URL).
Properties:
- Config: storage_url
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_STORAGE_URL
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-auth-token
Auth Token from alternate authentication - optional (OS_AUTH_TOKEN).
Properties:
- Config: auth_token
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_AUTH_TOKEN
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-application-credential-id
Application Credential ID (OS_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_ID).
Properties:
- Config: application_credential_id
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_ID
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-application-credential-name
Application Credential Name (OS_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_NAME).
Properties:
- Config: application_credential_name
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_NAME
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-application-credential-secret
Application Credential Secret (OS_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_SECRET).
Properties:
- Config: application_credential_secret
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_APPLICATION_CREDENTIAL_SECRET
- Type: string
- Required: false
#### --swift-auth-version
AuthVersion - optional - set to (1,2,3) if your auth URL has no version (ST_AUTH_VERSION).
Properties:
- Config: auth_version
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_AUTH_VERSION
- Type: int
- Default: 0
#### --swift-endpoint-type
Endpoint type to choose from the service catalogue (OS_ENDPOINT_TYPE).
Properties:
- Config: endpoint_type
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_ENDPOINT_TYPE
- Type: string
- Default: "public"
- Examples:
- "public"
- Public (default, choose this if not sure)
- "internal"
- Internal (use internal service net)
- "admin"
- Admin
#### --swift-storage-policy
The storage policy to use when creating a new container.
This applies the specified storage policy when creating a new
container. The policy cannot be changed afterwards. The allowed
configuration values and their meaning depend on your Swift storage
provider.
Properties:
- Config: storage_policy
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_STORAGE_POLICY
- Type: string
- Required: false
- Examples:
- ""
- Default
- "pcs"
- OVH Public Cloud Storage
- "pca"
- OVH Public Cloud Archive
### Advanced options
Here are the Advanced options specific to swift (OpenStack Swift (Rackspace Cloud Files, Memset Memstore, OVH)).
#### --swift-leave-parts-on-error
If true avoid calling abort upload on a failure.
It should be set to true for resuming uploads across different sessions.
Properties:
- Config: leave_parts_on_error
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_LEAVE_PARTS_ON_ERROR
- Type: bool
- Default: false
#### --swift-chunk-size
Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container.
Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container. The
default for this is 5 GiB which is its maximum value.
Properties:
- Config: chunk_size
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_CHUNK_SIZE
- Type: SizeSuffix
- Default: 5Gi
#### --swift-no-chunk
Don't chunk files during streaming upload.
When doing streaming uploads (e.g. using rcat or mount) setting this
flag will cause the swift backend to not upload chunked files.
This will limit the maximum upload size to 5 GiB. However non chunked
files are easier to deal with and have an MD5SUM.
Rclone will still chunk files bigger than chunk_size when doing normal
copy operations.
Properties:
- Config: no_chunk
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_NO_CHUNK
- Type: bool
- Default: false
#### --swift-no-large-objects
Disable support for static and dynamic large objects
Swift cannot transparently store files bigger than 5 GiB. There are
two schemes for doing that, static or dynamic large objects, and the
API does not allow rclone to determine whether a file is a static or
dynamic large object without doing a HEAD on the object. Since these
need to be treated differently, this means rclone has to issue HEAD
requests for objects for example when reading checksums.
When `no_large_objects` is set, rclone will assume that there are no
static or dynamic large objects stored. This means it can stop doing
the extra HEAD calls which in turn increases performance greatly
especially when doing a swift to swift transfer with `--checksum` set.
Setting this option implies `no_chunk` and also that no files will be
uploaded in chunks, so files bigger than 5 GiB will just fail on
upload.
If you set this option and there *are* static or dynamic large objects,
then this will give incorrect hashes for them. Downloads will succeed,
but other operations such as Remove and Copy will fail.
Properties:
- Config: no_large_objects
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_NO_LARGE_OBJECTS
- Type: bool
- Default: false
#### --swift-encoding
The encoding for the backend.
See the [encoding section in the overview](/overview/#encoding) for more info.
Properties:
- Config: encoding
- Env Var: RCLONE_SWIFT_ENCODING
- Type: MultiEncoder
- Default: Slash,InvalidUtf8
{{< rem autogenerated options stop >}}
## Limitations
The Swift API doesn't return a correct MD5SUM for segmented files
(Dynamic or Static Large Objects) so rclone won't check or use the
MD5SUM for these.
## Troubleshooting
### Rclone gives Failed to create file system for "remote:": Bad Request
Due to an oddity of the underlying swift library, it gives a "Bad
Request" error rather than a more sensible error when the
authentication fails for Swift.
So this most likely means your username / password is wrong. You can
investigate further with the `--dump-bodies` flag.
This may also be caused by specifying the region when you shouldn't
have (e.g. OVH).
### Rclone gives Failed to create file system: Response didn't have storage url and auth token
This is most likely caused by forgetting to specify your tenant when
setting up a swift remote.
## OVH Cloud Archive
To use rclone with OVH cloud archive, first use `rclone config` to set up a `swift` backend with OVH, choosing `pca` as the `storage_policy`.
### Uploading Objects
Uploading objects to OVH cloud archive is no different to object storage, you just simply run the command you like (move, copy or sync) to upload the objects. Once uploaded the objects will show in a "Frozen" state within the OVH control panel.
### Retrieving Objects
To retrieve objects use `rclone copy` as normal. If the objects are in a frozen state then rclone will ask for them all to be unfrozen and it will wait at the end of the output with a message like the following:
`2019/03/23 13:06:33 NOTICE: Received retry after error - sleeping until 2019-03-23T13:16:33.481657164+01:00 (9m59.99985121s)`
Rclone will wait for the time specified then retry the copy.
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