rclone/rclone.1

.\"t
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.TH "rclone" "1" "Jun 15, 2017" "User Manual" ""
.hy
.SH Rclone
.PP
[IMAGE: Logo (https://rclone.org/img/rclone-120x120.png)] (https://rclone.org/)
.PP
Rclone is a command line program to sync files and directories to and
from
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
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Amazon S3
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Openstack Swift / Rackspace cloud files / Memset Memstore
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Dropbox
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Google Cloud Storage
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Amazon Drive
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Microsoft OneDrive
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Hubic
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Backblaze B2
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Yandex Disk
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SFTP
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FTP
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The local filesystem
.PP
Features
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MD5/SHA1 hashes checked at all times for file integrity
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Timestamps preserved on files
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Partial syncs supported on a whole file basis
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Copy (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_copy/) mode to just copy
new/changed files
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Sync (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_sync/) (one way) mode to make a
directory identical
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Check (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_check/) mode to check for file
hash equality
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Can sync to and from network, eg two different cloud accounts
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Optional encryption (Crypt (https://rclone.org/crypt/))
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Optional FUSE mount (rclone
mount (https://rclone.org/commands/rclone_mount/))
.PP
Links
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Home page (https://rclone.org/)
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Github project page for source and bug
tracker (https://github.com/ncw/rclone)
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Rclone Forum (https://forum.rclone.org)
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Google+ page
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Downloads (https://rclone.org/downloads/)
.SH Install
.PP
Rclone is a Go program and comes as a single binary file.
.SS Quickstart
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Download (https://rclone.org/downloads/) the relevant binary.
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Unpack and the \f[C]rclone\f[] binary.
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Run \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] to setup.
See rclone config docs (https://rclone.org/docs/) for more details.
.PP
See below for some expanded Linux / macOS instructions.
.PP
See the Usage section (https://rclone.org/docs/) of the docs for how to
use rclone, or run \f[C]rclone\ \-h\f[].
.SS Linux installation from precompiled binary
.PP
Fetch and unpack
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ \-O\ https://downloads.rclone.org/rclone\-current\-linux\-amd64.zip
unzip\ rclone\-current\-linux\-amd64.zip
cd\ rclone\-*\-linux\-amd64
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Copy binary file
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ cp\ rclone\ /usr/bin/
sudo\ chown\ root:root\ /usr/bin/rclone
sudo\ chmod\ 755\ /usr/bin/rclone
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Install manpage
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ mkdir\ \-p\ /usr/local/share/man/man1
sudo\ cp\ rclone.1\ /usr/local/share/man/man1/
sudo\ mandb\ 
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Run \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] to setup.
See rclone config docs (https://rclone.org/docs/) for more details.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.SS macOS installation from precompiled binary
.PP
Download the latest version of rclone.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
cd\ &&\ curl\ \-O\ https://downloads.rclone.org/rclone\-current\-osx\-amd64.zip
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Unzip the download and cd to the extracted folder.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
unzip\ \-a\ rclone\-current\-osx\-amd64.zip\ &&\ cd\ rclone\-*\-osx\-amd64
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Move rclone to your $PATH.
You will be prompted for your password.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ mv\ rclone\ /usr/local/bin/
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Remove the leftover files.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
cd\ ..\ &&\ rm\ \-rf\ rclone\-*\-osx\-amd64\ rclone\-current\-osx\-amd64.zip
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Run \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] to setup.
See rclone config docs (https://rclone.org/docs/) for more details.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.SS Install from source
.PP
Make sure you have at least Go (https://golang.org/) 1.6 installed.
Make sure your \f[C]GOPATH\f[] is set, then:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
go\ get\ \-u\ \-v\ github.com/ncw/rclone
\f[]
.fi
.PP
and this will build the binary in \f[C]$GOPATH/bin\f[].
If you have built rclone before then you will want to update its
dependencies first with this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
go\ get\ \-u\ \-v\ github.com/ncw/rclone/...
\f[]
.fi
.SS Installation with Ansible
.PP
This can be done with Stefan Weichinger\[aq]s ansible
role (https://github.com/stefangweichinger/ansible-rclone).
.PP
Instructions
.IP "1." 3
\f[C]git\ clone\ https://github.com/stefangweichinger/ansible\-rclone.git\f[]
into your local roles\-directory
.IP "2." 3
add the role to the hosts you want rclone installed to:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \-\ hosts:\ rclone\-hosts
\ \ \ \ \ \ roles:
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ rclone
\f[]
.fi
.SS Installation with snap
.SS Quickstart
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install Snapd on your distro using the instructions below
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sudo snap install rclone \-\-classic
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Run \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] to setup.
See rclone config docs (https://rclone.org/docs/) for more details.
.PP
See below for how to install snapd if it isn\[aq]t already installed
.SS Arch
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ pacman\ \-S\ snapd
\f[]
.fi
.PP
enable the snapd systemd service:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ systemctl\ enable\ \-\-now\ snapd.socket
\f[]
.fi
.SS Debian / Ubuntu
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ apt\ install\ snapd
\f[]
.fi
.SS Fedora
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ dnf\ copr\ enable\ zyga/snapcore
sudo\ dnf\ install\ snapd
\f[]
.fi
.PP
enable the snapd systemd service:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ systemctl\ enable\ \-\-now\ snapd.service
\f[]
.fi
.PP
SELinux support is in beta, so currently:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ setenforce\ 0
\f[]
.fi
.PP
to persist, edit \f[C]/etc/selinux/config\f[] to set
\f[C]SELINUX=permissive\f[] and reboot.
.SS Gentoo
.PP
Install the gentoo\-snappy
overlay (https://github.com/zyga/gentoo-snappy).
.SS OpenEmbedded/Yocto
.PP
Install the snap meta
layer (https://github.com/morphis/meta-snappy/blob/master/README.md).
.SS openSUSE
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ zypper\ addrepo\ https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/system:/snappy/openSUSE_Leap_42.2/\ snappy
sudo\ zypper\ install\ snapd
\f[]
.fi
.SS OpenWrt
.PP
Enable the snap\-openwrt feed.
.SS Configure
.PP
First you\[aq]ll need to configure rclone.
As the object storage systems have quite complicated authentication
these are kept in a config file.
(See the \f[C]\-\-config\f[] entry for how to find the config file and
choose its location.)
.PP
The easiest way to make the config is to run rclone with the config
option:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the following for detailed instructions for
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Google drive (https://rclone.org/drive/)
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Amazon S3 (https://rclone.org/s3/)
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Swift / Rackspace Cloudfiles / Memset
Memstore (https://rclone.org/swift/)
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Dropbox (https://rclone.org/dropbox/)
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Google Cloud Storage (https://rclone.org/googlecloudstorage/)
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Local filesystem (https://rclone.org/local/)
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Amazon Drive (https://rclone.org/amazonclouddrive/)
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Backblaze B2 (https://rclone.org/b2/)
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Hubic (https://rclone.org/hubic/)
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Microsoft OneDrive (https://rclone.org/onedrive/)
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Yandex Disk (https://rclone.org/yandex/)
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SFTP (https://rclone.org/sftp/)
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FTP (https://rclone.org/ftp/)
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Crypt (https://rclone.org/crypt/) \- to encrypt other remotes
.SS Usage
.PP
Rclone syncs a directory tree from one storage system to another.
.PP
Its syntax is like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Syntax:\ [options]\ subcommand\ <parameters>\ <parameters...>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Source and destination paths are specified by the name you gave the
storage system in the config file then the sub path, eg "drive:myfolder"
to look at "myfolder" in Google drive.
.PP
You can define as many storage paths as you like in the config file.
.SS Subcommands
.PP
rclone uses a system of subcommands.
For example
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:path\ #\ lists\ a\ re
rclone\ copy\ /local/path\ remote:path\ #\ copies\ /local/path\ to\ the\ remote
rclone\ sync\ /local/path\ remote:path\ #\ syncs\ /local/path\ to\ the\ remote
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone config
.PP
Enter an interactive configuration session.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Enter an interactive configuration session.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone copy
.PP
Copy files from source to dest, skipping already copied
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Copy the source to the destination.
Doesn\[aq]t transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification
time or MD5SUM.
Doesn\[aq]t delete files from the destination.
.PP
Note that it is always the contents of the directory that is synced, not
the directory so when source:path is a directory, it\[aq]s the contents
of source:path that are copied, not the directory name and contents.
.PP
If dest:path doesn\[aq]t exist, it is created and the source:path
contents go there.
.PP
For example
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ source:sourcepath\ dest:destpath
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Let\[aq]s say there are two files in sourcepath
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sourcepath/one.txt
sourcepath/two.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This copies them to
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
destpath/one.txt
destpath/two.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Not to
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
destpath/sourcepath/one.txt
destpath/sourcepath/two.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you are familiar with \f[C]rsync\f[], rclone always works as if you
had written a trailing / \- meaning "copy the contents of this
directory".
This applies to all commands and whether you are talking about the
source or destination.
.PP
See the \f[C]\-\-no\-traverse\f[] option for controlling whether rclone
lists the destination directory or not.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ source:path\ dest:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone sync
.PP
Make source and dest identical, modifying destination only.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Sync the source to the destination, changing the destination only.
Doesn\[aq]t transfer unchanged files, testing by size and modification
time or MD5SUM.
Destination is updated to match source, including deleting files if
necessary.
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[]: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the
\f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] flag to see exactly what would be copied and
deleted.
.PP
Note that files in the destination won\[aq]t be deleted if there were
any errors at any point.
.PP
It is always the contents of the directory that is synced, not the
directory so when source:path is a directory, it\[aq]s the contents of
source:path that are copied, not the directory name and contents.
See extended explanation in the \f[C]copy\f[] command above if unsure.
.PP
If dest:path doesn\[aq]t exist, it is created and the source:path
contents go there.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ source:path\ dest:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone move
.PP
Move files from source to dest.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Moves the contents of the source directory to the destination directory.
Rclone will error if the source and destination overlap and the remote
does not support a server side directory move operation.
.PP
If no filters are in use and if possible this will server side move
\f[C]source:path\f[] into \f[C]dest:path\f[].
After this \f[C]source:path\f[] will no longer longer exist.
.PP
Otherwise for each file in \f[C]source:path\f[] selected by the filters
(if any) this will move it into \f[C]dest:path\f[].
If possible a server side move will be used, otherwise it will copy it
(server side if possible) into \f[C]dest:path\f[] then delete the
original (if no errors on copy) in \f[C]source:path\f[].
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[]: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the
\-\-dry\-run flag.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ move\ source:path\ dest:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone delete
.PP
Remove the contents of path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Remove the contents of path.
Unlike \f[C]purge\f[] it obeys include/exclude filters so can be used to
selectively delete files.
.PP
Eg delete all files bigger than 100MBytes
.PP
Check what would be deleted first (use either)
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ \-\-min\-size\ 100M\ lsl\ remote:path
rclone\ \-\-dry\-run\ \-\-min\-size\ 100M\ delete\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then delete
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ \-\-min\-size\ 100M\ delete\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.PP
That reads "delete everything with a minimum size of 100 MB", hence
delete all files bigger than 100MBytes.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ delete\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone purge
.PP
Remove the path and all of its contents.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Remove the path and all of its contents.
Note that this does not obey include/exclude filters \- everything will
be removed.
Use \f[C]delete\f[] if you want to selectively delete files.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ purge\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone mkdir
.PP
Make the path if it doesn\[aq]t already exist.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Make the path if it doesn\[aq]t already exist.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone rmdir
.PP
Remove the path if empty.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Remove the path.
Note that you can\[aq]t remove a path with objects in it, use purge for
that.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rmdir\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone check
.PP
Checks the files in the source and destination match.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Checks the files in the source and destination match.
It compares sizes and hashes (MD5 or SHA1) and logs a report of files
which don\[aq]t match.
It doesn\[aq]t alter the source or destination.
.PP
If you supply the \-\-size\-only flag, it will only compare the sizes
not the hashes as well.
Use this for a quick check.
.PP
If you supply the \-\-download flag, it will download the data from both
remotes and check them against each other on the fly.
This can be useful for remotes that don\[aq]t support hashes or if you
really want to check all the data.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ check\ source:path\ dest:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-download\ \ \ Check\ by\ downloading\ rather\ than\ with\ hash.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone ls
.PP
List all the objects in the path with size and path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
List all the objects in the path with size and path.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone lsd
.PP
List all directories/containers/buckets in the path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
List all directories/containers/buckets in the path.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone lsl
.PP
List all the objects path with modification time, size and path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
List all the objects path with modification time, size and path.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsl\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone md5sum
.PP
Produces an md5sum file for all the objects in the path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Produces an md5sum file for all the objects in the path.
This is in the same format as the standard md5sum tool produces.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ md5sum\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone sha1sum
.PP
Produces an sha1sum file for all the objects in the path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Produces an sha1sum file for all the objects in the path.
This is in the same format as the standard sha1sum tool produces.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sha1sum\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone size
.PP
Prints the total size and number of objects in remote:path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Prints the total size and number of objects in remote:path.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ size\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone version
.PP
Show the version number.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Show the version number.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ version
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone cleanup
.PP
Clean up the remote if possible
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Clean up the remote if possible.
Empty the trash or delete old file versions.
Not supported by all remotes.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cleanup\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone dedupe
.PP
Interactively find duplicate files delete/rename them.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
By default \f[C]dedup\f[] interactively finds duplicate files and offers
to delete all but one or rename them to be different.
Only useful with Google Drive which can have duplicate file names.
.PP
The \f[C]dedupe\f[] command will delete all but one of any identical
(same md5sum) files it finds without confirmation.
This means that for most duplicated files the \f[C]dedupe\f[] command
will not be interactive.
You can use \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] to see what would happen without doing
anything.
.PP
Here is an example run.
.PP
Before \- with duplicates
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsl\ drive:dupes
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:16.798000000\ one.txt
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:11.775000000\ one.txt
\ \ \ 564374\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:06.731000000\ one.txt
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:18:26.092000000\ one.txt
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:46.185000000\ two.txt
\ \ 1744073\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:38.104000000\ two.txt
\ \ \ 564374\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:52.118000000\ two.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Now the \f[C]dedupe\f[] session
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ dedupe\ drive:dupes
2016/03/05\ 16:24:37\ Google\ drive\ root\ \[aq]dupes\[aq]:\ Looking\ for\ duplicates\ using\ interactive\ mode.
one.txt:\ Found\ 4\ duplicates\ \-\ deleting\ identical\ copies
one.txt:\ Deleting\ 2/3\ identical\ duplicates\ (md5sum\ "1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36")
one.txt:\ 2\ duplicates\ remain
\ \ 1:\ \ \ \ \ \ 6048320\ bytes,\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:16.798000000,\ md5sum\ 1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36
\ \ 2:\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 564374\ bytes,\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:06.731000000,\ md5sum\ 7594e7dc9fc28f727c42ee3e0749de81
s)\ Skip\ and\ do\ nothing
k)\ Keep\ just\ one\ (choose\ which\ in\ next\ step)
r)\ Rename\ all\ to\ be\ different\ (by\ changing\ file.jpg\ to\ file\-1.jpg)
s/k/r>\ k
Enter\ the\ number\ of\ the\ file\ to\ keep>\ 1
one.txt:\ Deleted\ 1\ extra\ copies
two.txt:\ Found\ 3\ duplicates\ \-\ deleting\ identical\ copies
two.txt:\ 3\ duplicates\ remain
\ \ 1:\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 564374\ bytes,\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:52.118000000,\ md5sum\ 7594e7dc9fc28f727c42ee3e0749de81
\ \ 2:\ \ \ \ \ \ 6048320\ bytes,\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:46.185000000,\ md5sum\ 1eedaa9fe86fd4b8632e2ac549403b36
\ \ 3:\ \ \ \ \ \ 1744073\ bytes,\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:38.104000000,\ md5sum\ 851957f7fb6f0bc4ce76be966d336802
s)\ Skip\ and\ do\ nothing
k)\ Keep\ just\ one\ (choose\ which\ in\ next\ step)
r)\ Rename\ all\ to\ be\ different\ (by\ changing\ file.jpg\ to\ file\-1.jpg)
s/k/r>\ r
two\-1.txt:\ renamed\ from:\ two.txt
two\-2.txt:\ renamed\ from:\ two.txt
two\-3.txt:\ renamed\ from:\ two.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The result being
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ lsl\ drive:dupes
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:23:16.798000000\ one.txt
\ \ \ 564374\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:52.118000000\ two\-1.txt
\ \ 6048320\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:46.185000000\ two\-2.txt
\ \ 1744073\ 2016\-03\-05\ 16:22:38.104000000\ two\-3.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Dedupe can be run non interactively using the \f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\f[]
flag or by using an extra parameter with the same value
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ interactive\f[] \- interactive as above.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ skip\f[] \- removes identical files then skips
anything left.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ first\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the first one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ newest\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the newest one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ oldest\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the oldest one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ rename\f[] \- removes identical files then
renames the rest to be different.
.PP
For example to rename all the identically named photos in your Google
Photos directory, do
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ dedupe\ \-\-dedupe\-mode\ rename\ "drive:Google\ Photos"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ dedupe\ rename\ "drive:Google\ Photos"
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ dedupe\ [mode]\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-dedupe\-mode\ string\ \ \ Dedupe\ mode\ interactive|skip|first|newest|oldest|rename.\ (default\ "interactive")
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone authorize
.PP
Remote authorization.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Remote authorization.
Used to authorize a remote or headless rclone from a machine with a
browser \- use as instructed by rclone config.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ authorize
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone cat
.PP
Concatenates any files and sends them to stdout.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone cat sends any files to standard output.
.PP
You can use it like this to output a single file
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cat\ remote:path/to/file
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or like this to output any file in dir or subdirectories.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cat\ remote:path/to/dir
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Or like this to output any .txt files in dir or subdirectories.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ \-\-include\ "*.txt"\ cat\ remote:path/to/dir
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Use the \-\-head flag to print characters only at the start, \-\-tail
for the end and \-\-offset and \-\-count to print a section in the
middle.
Note that if offset is negative it will count from the end, so
\-\-offset \-1 \-\-count 1 is equivalent to \-\-tail 1.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cat\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-count\ int\ \ \ \ Only\ print\ N\ characters.\ (default\ \-1)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-discard\ \ \ \ \ \ Discard\ the\ output\ instead\ of\ printing.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-head\ int\ \ \ \ \ Only\ print\ the\ first\ N\ characters.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-offset\ int\ \ \ Start\ printing\ at\ offset\ N\ (or\ from\ end\ if\ \-ve).
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-tail\ int\ \ \ \ \ Only\ print\ the\ last\ N\ characters.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone copyto
.PP
Copy files from source to dest, skipping already copied
.SS Synopsis
.PP
If source:path is a file or directory then it copies it to a file or
directory named dest:path.
.PP
This can be used to upload single files to other than their current
name.
If the source is a directory then it acts exactly like the copy command.
.PP
So
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copyto\ src\ dst
\f[]
.fi
.PP
where src and dst are rclone paths, either remote:path or /path/to/local
or C:.
.PP
This will:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
if\ src\ is\ file
\ \ \ \ copy\ it\ to\ dst,\ overwriting\ an\ existing\ file\ if\ it\ exists
if\ src\ is\ directory
\ \ \ \ copy\ it\ to\ dst,\ overwriting\ existing\ files\ if\ they\ exist
\ \ \ \ see\ copy\ command\ for\ full\ details
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This doesn\[aq]t transfer unchanged files, testing by size and
modification time or MD5SUM.
It doesn\[aq]t delete files from the destination.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copyto\ source:path\ dest:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone cryptcheck
.PP
Cryptcheck checks the integritity of a crypted remote.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone cryptcheck checks a remote against a crypted remote.
This is the equivalent of running rclone check, but able to check the
checksums of the crypted remote.
.PP
For it to work the underlying remote of the cryptedremote must support
some kind of checksum.
.PP
It works by reading the nonce from each file on the cryptedremote: and
using that to encrypt each file on the remote:.
It then checks the checksum of the underlying file on the cryptedremote:
against the checksum of the file it has just encrypted.
.PP
Use it like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cryptcheck\ /path/to/files\ encryptedremote:path
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You can use it like this also, but that will involve downloading all the
files in remote:path.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cryptcheck\ remote:path\ encryptedremote:path
\f[]
.fi
.PP
After it has run it will log the status of the encryptedremote:.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ cryptcheck\ remote:path\ cryptedremote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone dbhashsum
.PP
Produces a Dropbbox hash file for all the objects in the path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Produces a Dropbox hash file for all the objects in the path.
The hashes are calculated according to Dropbox content hash
rules (https://www.dropbox.com/developers/reference/content-hash).
The output is in the same format as md5sum and sha1sum.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ dbhashsum\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone genautocomplete
.PP
Output bash completion script for rclone.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Generates a bash shell autocompletion script for rclone.
.PP
This writes to /etc/bash_completion.d/rclone by default so will probably
need to be run with sudo or as root, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
sudo\ rclone\ genautocomplete
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Logout and login again to use the autocompletion scripts, or source them
directly
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\&.\ /etc/bash_completion
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you supply a command line argument the script will be written there.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ genautocomplete\ [output_file]
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone gendocs
.PP
Output markdown docs for rclone to the directory supplied.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
This produces markdown docs for the rclone commands to the directory
supplied.
These are in a format suitable for hugo to render into the rclone.org
website.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ gendocs\ output_directory\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-h,\ \-\-help\ \ \ help\ for\ gendocs
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone listremotes
.PP
List all the remotes in the config file.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone listremotes lists all the available remotes from the config file.
.PP
When uses with the \-l flag it lists the types too.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ listremotes\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \-l,\ \-\-long\ \ \ Show\ the\ type\ as\ well\ as\ names.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone lsjson
.PP
List directories and objects in the path in JSON format.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
List directories and objects in the path in JSON format.
.PP
The output is an array of Items, where each Item looks like this
.PP
{ "Hashes" : { "SHA\-1" : "f572d396fae9206628714fb2ce00f72e94f2258f",
"MD5" : "b1946ac92492d2347c6235b4d2611184", "DropboxHash" :
"ecb65bb98f9d905b70458986c39fcbad7715e5f2fcc3b1f07767d7c83e2438cc" },
"IsDir" : false, "ModTime" : "2017\-05\-31T16:15:57.034468261+01:00",
"Name" : "file.txt", "Path" : "full/path/goes/here/file.txt", "Size" : 6
}
.PP
If \-\-hash is not specified the the Hashes property won\[aq]t be
emitted.
.PP
If \-\-no\-modtime is specified then ModTime will be blank.
.PP
The time is in RFC3339 format with nanosecond precision.
.PP
The whole output can be processed as a JSON blob, or alternatively it
can be processed line by line as each item is written one to a line.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsjson\ remote:path\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-hash\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Include\ hashes\ in\ the\ output\ (may\ take\ longer).
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-modtime\ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ read\ the\ modification\ time\ (can\ speed\ things\ up).
\ \ \-R,\ \-\-recursive\ \ \ \ Recurse\ into\ the\ listing.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone mount
.PP
Mount the remote as a mountpoint.
\f[B]EXPERIMENTAL\f[]
.SS Synopsis
.PP
rclone mount allows Linux, FreeBSD and macOS to mount any of
Rclone\[aq]s cloud storage systems as a file system with FUSE.
.PP
This is \f[B]EXPERIMENTAL\f[] \- use with care.
.PP
First set up your remote using \f[C]rclone\ config\f[].
Check it works with \f[C]rclone\ ls\f[] etc.
.PP
Start the mount like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mount\ remote:path/to/files\ /path/to/local/mount
\f[]
.fi
.PP
When the program ends, either via Ctrl+C or receiving a SIGINT or
SIGTERM signal, the mount is automatically stopped.
.PP
The umount operation can fail, for example when the mountpoint is busy.
When that happens, it is the user\[aq]s responsibility to stop the mount
manually with
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ Linux
fusermount\ \-u\ /path/to/local/mount
#\ OS\ X
umount\ /path/to/local/mount
\f[]
.fi
.SS Limitations
.PP
This can only write files seqentially, it can only seek when reading.
This means that many applications won\[aq]t work with their files on an
rclone mount.
.PP
The bucket based remotes (eg Swift, S3, Google Compute Storage, B2,
Hubic) won\[aq]t work from the root \- you will need to specify a
bucket, or a path within the bucket.
So \f[C]swift:\f[] won\[aq]t work whereas \f[C]swift:bucket\f[] will as
will \f[C]swift:bucket/path\f[].
None of these support the concept of directories, so empty directories
will have a tendency to disappear once they fall out of the directory
cache.
.PP
Only supported on Linux, FreeBSD and OS X at the moment.
.SS rclone mount vs rclone sync/copy
.PP
File systems expect things to be 100% reliable, whereas cloud storage
systems are a long way from 100% reliable.
The rclone sync/copy commands cope with this with lots of retries.
However rclone mount can\[aq]t use retries in the same way without
making local copies of the uploads.
This might happen in the future, but for the moment rclone mount
won\[aq]t do that, so will be less reliable than the rclone command.
.SS Filters
.PP
Note that all the rclone filters can be used to select a subset of the
files to be visible in the mount.
.SS Directory Cache
.PP
Using the \f[C]\-\-dir\-cache\-time\f[] flag, you can set how long a
directory should be considered up to date and not refreshed from the
backend.
Changes made locally in the mount may appear immediately or invalidate
the cache.
However, changes done on the remote will only be picked up once the
cache expires.
.PP
Alternatively, you can send a \f[C]SIGHUP\f[] signal to rclone for it to
flush all directory caches, regardless of how old they are.
Assuming only one rclone instance is running, you can reset the cache
like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
kill\ \-SIGHUP\ $(pidof\ rclone)
\f[]
.fi
.SS Bugs
.IP \[bu] 2
All the remotes should work for read, but some may not for write
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
those which need to know the size in advance won\[aq]t \- eg B2
.IP \[bu] 2
maybe should pass in size as \-1 to mean work it out
.IP \[bu] 2
Or put in an an upload cache to cache the files on disk first
.RE
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mount\ remote:path\ /path/to/mountpoint\ [flags]
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-allow\-non\-empty\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Allow\ mounting\ over\ a\ non\-empty\ directory.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-allow\-other\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Allow\ access\ to\ other\ users.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-allow\-root\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Allow\ access\ to\ root\ user.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-debug\-fuse\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Debug\ the\ FUSE\ internals\ \-\ needs\ \-v.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-default\-permissions\ \ \ \ \ \ \ Makes\ kernel\ enforce\ access\ control\ based\ on\ the\ file\ mode.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-dir\-cache\-time\ duration\ \ \ Time\ to\ cache\ directory\ entries\ for.\ (default\ 5m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-gid\ uint32\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ gid\ field\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.\ (default\ 502)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-max\-read\-ahead\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ The\ number\ of\ bytes\ that\ can\ be\ prefetched\ for\ sequential\ reads.\ (default\ 128k)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-checksum\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ compare\ checksums\ on\ up/download.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-modtime\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ read/write\ the\ modification\ time\ (can\ speed\ things\ up).
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-no\-seek\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Don\[aq]t\ allow\ seeking\ in\ files.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-poll\-interval\ duration\ \ \ \ Time\ to\ wait\ between\ polling\ for\ changes.\ Must\ be\ smaller\ than\ dir\-cache\-time.\ Only\ on\ supported\ remotes.\ Set\ to\ 0\ to\ disable.\ (default\ 1m0s)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-read\-only\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Mount\ read\-only.
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-uid\ uint32\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ uid\ field\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.\ (default\ 502)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-umask\ int\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Override\ the\ permission\ bits\ set\ by\ the\ filesystem.\ (default\ 2)
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-write\-back\-cache\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ Makes\ kernel\ buffer\ writes\ before\ sending\ them\ to\ rclone.\ Without\ this,\ writethrough\ caching\ is\ used.
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone moveto
.PP
Move file or directory from source to dest.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
If source:path is a file or directory then it moves it to a file or
directory named dest:path.
.PP
This can be used to rename files or upload single files to other than
their existing name.
If the source is a directory then it acts exacty like the move command.
.PP
So
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ moveto\ src\ dst
\f[]
.fi
.PP
where src and dst are rclone paths, either remote:path or /path/to/local
or C:.
.PP
This will:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
if\ src\ is\ file
\ \ \ \ move\ it\ to\ dst,\ overwriting\ an\ existing\ file\ if\ it\ exists
if\ src\ is\ directory
\ \ \ \ move\ it\ to\ dst,\ overwriting\ existing\ files\ if\ they\ exist
\ \ \ \ see\ move\ command\ for\ full\ details
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This doesn\[aq]t transfer unchanged files, testing by size and
modification time or MD5SUM.
src will be deleted on successful transfer.
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[]: Since this can cause data loss, test first with the
\-\-dry\-run flag.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ moveto\ source:path\ dest:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone ncdu
.PP
Explore a remote with a text based user interface.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
This displays a text based user interface allowing the navigation of a
remote.
It is most useful for answering the question \- "What is using all my
disk space?".
.PP
To make the user interface it first scans the entire remote given and
builds an in memory representation.
rclone ncdu can be used during this scanning phase and you will see it
building up the directory structure as it goes along.
.PP
Here are the keys \- press \[aq]?\[aq] to toggle the help on and off
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ ↑,↓\ or\ k,j\ to\ Move
\ →,l\ to\ enter
\ ←,h\ to\ return
\ c\ toggle\ counts
\ g\ toggle\ graph
\ n,s,C\ sort\ by\ name,size,count
\ ?\ to\ toggle\ help\ on\ and\ off
\ q/ESC/c\-C\ to\ quit
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This an homage to the ncdu tool (https://dev.yorhel.nl/ncdu) but for
rclone remotes.
It is missing lots of features at the moment, most importantly deleting
files, but is useful as it stands.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ncdu\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone obscure
.PP
Obscure password for use in the rclone.conf
.SS Synopsis
.PP
Obscure password for use in the rclone.conf
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ obscure\ password
\f[]
.fi
.SS rclone rmdirs
.PP
Remove any empty directoryies under the path.
.SS Synopsis
.PP
This removes any empty directories (or directories that only contain
empty directories) under the path that it finds, including the path if
it has nothing in.
.PP
This is useful for tidying up remotes that rclone has left a lot of
empty directories in.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ rmdirs\ remote:path
\f[]
.fi
.SS Copying single files
.PP
rclone normally syncs or copies directories.
However if the source remote points to a file, rclone will just copy
that file.
The destination remote must point to a directory \- rclone will give the
error
\f[C]Failed\ to\ create\ file\ system\ for\ "remote:file":\ is\ a\ file\ not\ a\ directory\f[]
if it isn\[aq]t.
.PP
For example, suppose you have a remote with a file in called
\f[C]test.jpg\f[], then you could copy just that file like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ remote:test.jpg\ /tmp/download
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The file \f[C]test.jpg\f[] will be placed inside \f[C]/tmp/download\f[].
.PP
This is equivalent to specifying
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ \-\-no\-traverse\ \-\-files\-from\ /tmp/files\ remote:\ /tmp/download
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Where \f[C]/tmp/files\f[] contains the single line
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
test.jpg
\f[]
.fi
.PP
It is recommended to use \f[C]copy\f[] when copying single files not
\f[C]sync\f[].
They have pretty much the same effect but \f[C]copy\f[] will use a lot
less memory.
.SS Quoting and the shell
.PP
When you are typing commands to your computer you are using something
called the command line shell.
This interprets various characters in an OS specific way.
.PP
Here are some gotchas which may help users unfamiliar with the shell
rules
.SS Linux / OSX
.PP
If your names have spaces or shell metacharacters (eg \f[C]*\f[],
\f[C]?\f[], \f[C]$\f[], \f[C]\[aq]\f[], \f[C]"\f[] etc) then you must
quote them.
Use single quotes \f[C]\[aq]\f[] by default.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ \[aq]Important\ files?\[aq]\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you want to send a \f[C]\[aq]\f[] you will need to use \f[C]"\f[], eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ "O\[aq]Reilly\ Reviews"\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The rules for quoting metacharacters are complicated and if you want the
full details you\[aq]ll have to consult the manual page for your shell.
.SS Windows
.PP
If your names have spaces in you need to put them in \f[C]"\f[], eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ "E:\\folder\ name\\folder\ name\\folder\ name"\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you are using the root directory on its own then don\[aq]t quote it
(see #464 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/464) for why), eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ E:\\\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Server Side Copy
.PP
Most remotes (but not all \- see the
overview (/overview/#optional-features)) support server side copy.
.PP
This means if you want to copy one folder to another then rclone
won\[aq]t download all the files and re\-upload them; it will instruct
the server to copy them in place.
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ s3:oldbucket\ s3:newbucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Will copy the contents of \f[C]oldbucket\f[] to \f[C]newbucket\f[]
without downloading and re\-uploading.
.PP
Remotes which don\[aq]t support server side copy \f[B]will\f[] download
and re\-upload in this case.
.PP
Server side copies are used with \f[C]sync\f[] and \f[C]copy\f[] and
will be identified in the log when using the \f[C]\-v\f[] flag.
The may also be used with \f[C]move\f[] if the remote doesn\[aq]t
support server side move.
.PP
Server side copies will only be attempted if the remote names are the
same.
.PP
This can be used when scripting to make aged backups efficiently, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ remote:current\-backup\ remote:previous\-backup
rclone\ sync\ /path/to/files\ remote:current\-backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Options
.PP
Rclone has a number of options to control its behaviour.
.PP
Options which use TIME use the go time parser.
A duration string is a possibly signed sequence of decimal numbers, each
with optional fraction and a unit suffix, such as "300ms", "\-1.5h" or
"2h45m".
Valid time units are "ns", "us" (or "µs"), "ms", "s", "m", "h".
.PP
Options which use SIZE use kByte by default.
However a suffix of \f[C]b\f[] for bytes, \f[C]k\f[] for kBytes,
\f[C]M\f[] for MBytes and \f[C]G\f[] for GBytes may be used.
These are the binary units, eg 1, 2**10, 2**20, 2**30 respectively.
.SS \-\-backup\-dir=DIR
.PP
When using \f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]copy\f[] or \f[C]move\f[] any files which
would have been overwritten or deleted are moved in their original
hierarchy into this directory.
.PP
If \f[C]\-\-suffix\f[] is set, then the moved files will have the suffix
added to them.
If there is a file with the same path (after the suffix has been added)
in DIR, then it will be overwritten.
.PP
The remote in use must support server side move or copy and you must use
the same remote as the destination of the sync.
The backup directory must not overlap the destination directory.
.PP
For example
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /path/to/local\ remote:current\ \-\-backup\-dir\ remote:old
\f[]
.fi
.PP
will sync \f[C]/path/to/local\f[] to \f[C]remote:current\f[], but for
any files which would have been updated or deleted will be stored in
\f[C]remote:old\f[].
.PP
If running rclone from a script you might want to use today\[aq]s date
as the directory name passed to \f[C]\-\-backup\-dir\f[] to store the
old files, or you might want to pass \f[C]\-\-suffix\f[] with
today\[aq]s date.
.SS \-\-bwlimit=BANDWIDTH_SPEC
.PP
This option controls the bandwidth limit.
Limits can be specified in two ways: As a single limit, or as a
timetable.
.PP
Single limits last for the duration of the session.
To use a single limit, specify the desired bandwidth in kBytes/s, or use
a suffix b|k|M|G.
The default is \f[C]0\f[] which means to not limit bandwidth.
.PP
For example to limit bandwidth usage to 10 MBytes/s use
\f[C]\-\-bwlimit\ 10M\f[]
.PP
It is also possible to specify a "timetable" of limits, which will cause
certain limits to be applied at certain times.
To specify a timetable, format your entries as "HH:MM,BANDWIDTH
HH:MM,BANDWITH...".
.PP
An example of a typical timetable to avoid link saturation during
daytime working hours could be:
.PP
\f[C]\-\-bwlimit\ "08:00,512\ 12:00,10M\ 13:00,512\ 18:00,30M\ 23:00,off"\f[]
.PP
In this example, the transfer bandwidth will be set to 512kBytes/sec at
8am.
At noon, it will raise to 10Mbytes/s, and drop back to 512kBytes/sec at
1pm.
At 6pm, the bandwidth limit will be set to 30MBytes/s, and at 11pm it
will be completely disabled (full speed).
Anything between 11pm and 8am will remain unlimited.
.PP
Bandwidth limits only apply to the data transfer.
They don\[aq]t apply to the bandwidth of the directory listings etc.
.PP
Note that the units are Bytes/s not Bits/s.
Typically connections are measured in Bits/s \- to convert divide by 8.
For example let\[aq]s say you have a 10 Mbit/s connection and you wish
rclone to use half of it \- 5 Mbit/s.
This is 5/8 = 0.625MByte/s so you would use a
\f[C]\-\-bwlimit\ 0.625M\f[] parameter for rclone.
.SS \-\-buffer\-size=SIZE
.PP
Use this sized buffer to speed up file transfers.
Each \f[C]\-\-transfer\f[] will use this much memory for buffering.
.PP
Set to 0 to disable the buffering for the minimum memory use.
.SS \-\-checkers=N
.PP
The number of checkers to run in parallel.
Checkers do the equality checking of files during a sync.
For some storage systems (eg s3, swift, dropbox) this can take a
significant amount of time so they are run in parallel.
.PP
The default is to run 8 checkers in parallel.
.SS \-c, \-\-checksum
.PP
Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see
if they are equal.
If you set this flag then rclone will check the file hash and size to
determine if files are equal.
.PP
This is useful when the remote doesn\[aq]t support setting modified time
and a more accurate sync is desired than just checking the file size.
.PP
This is very useful when transferring between remotes which store the
same hash type on the object, eg Drive and Swift.
For details of which remotes support which hash type see the table in
the overview section (https://rclone.org/overview/).
.PP
Eg \f[C]rclone\ \-\-checksum\ sync\ s3:/bucket\ swift:/bucket\f[] would
run much quicker than without the \f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag.
.PP
When using this flag, rclone won\[aq]t update mtimes of remote files if
they are incorrect as it would normally.
.SS \-\-config=CONFIG_FILE
.PP
Specify the location of the rclone config file.
.PP
Normally the config file is in your home directory as a file called
\f[C]\&.config/rclone/rclone.conf\f[] (or \f[C]\&.rclone.conf\f[] if
created with an older version).
If \f[C]$XDG_CONFIG_HOME\f[] is set it will be at
\f[C]$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/rclone/rclone.conf\f[]
.PP
If you run \f[C]rclone\ \-h\f[] and look at the help for the
\f[C]\-\-config\f[] option you will see where the default location is
for you.
.PP
Use this flag to override the config location, eg
\f[C]rclone\ \-\-config=".myconfig"\ .config\f[].
.SS \-\-contimeout=TIME
.PP
Set the connection timeout.
This should be in go time format which looks like \f[C]5s\f[] for 5
seconds, \f[C]10m\f[] for 10 minutes, or \f[C]3h30m\f[].
.PP
The connection timeout is the amount of time rclone will wait for a
connection to go through to a remote object storage system.
It is \f[C]1m\f[] by default.
.SS \-\-dedupe\-mode MODE
.PP
Mode to run dedupe command in.
One of \f[C]interactive\f[], \f[C]skip\f[], \f[C]first\f[],
\f[C]newest\f[], \f[C]oldest\f[], \f[C]rename\f[].
The default is \f[C]interactive\f[].
See the dedupe command for more information as to what these options
mean.
.SS \-n, \-\-dry\-run
.PP
Do a trial run with no permanent changes.
Use this to see what rclone would do without actually doing it.
Useful when setting up the \f[C]sync\f[] command which deletes files in
the destination.
.SS \-\-ignore\-checksum
.PP
Normally rclone will check that the checksums of transferred files
match, and give an error "corrupted on transfer" if they don\[aq]t.
.PP
You can use this option to skip that check.
You should only use it if you have had the "corrupted on transfer" error
message and you are sure you might want to transfer potentially
corrupted data.
.SS \-\-ignore\-existing
.PP
Using this option will make rclone unconditionally skip all files that
exist on the destination, no matter the content of these files.
.PP
While this isn\[aq]t a generally recommended option, it can be useful in
cases where your files change due to encryption.
However, it cannot correct partial transfers in case a transfer was
interrupted.
.SS \-\-ignore\-size
.PP
Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see
if they are equal.
If you set this flag then rclone will check only the modification time.
If \f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] is set then it only checks the checksum.
.PP
It will also cause rclone to skip verifying the sizes are the same after
transfer.
.PP
This can be useful for transferring files to and from onedrive which
occasionally misreports the size of image files (see
#399 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/399) for more info).
.SS \-I, \-\-ignore\-times
.PP
Using this option will cause rclone to unconditionally upload all files
regardless of the state of files on the destination.
.PP
Normally rclone would skip any files that have the same modification
time and are the same size (or have the same checksum if using
\f[C]\-\-checksum\f[]).
.SS \-\-log\-file=FILE
.PP
Log all of rclone\[aq]s output to FILE.
This is not active by default.
This can be useful for tracking down problems with syncs in combination
with the \f[C]\-v\f[] flag.
See the Logging section for more info.
.SS \-\-log\-level LEVEL
.PP
This sets the log level for rclone.
The default log level is \f[C]INFO\f[].
.PP
\f[C]DEBUG\f[] is equivalent to \f[C]\-vv\f[].
It outputs lots of debug info \- useful for bug reports and really
finding out what rclone is doing.
.PP
\f[C]INFO\f[] is equivalent to \f[C]\-v\f[].
It outputs information about each transfer and prints stats once a
minute by default.
.PP
\f[C]NOTICE\f[] is the default log level if no logging flags are
supplied.
It outputs very little when things are working normally.
It outputs warnings and significant events.
.PP
\f[C]ERROR\f[] is equivalent to \f[C]\-q\f[].
It only output error messages.
.SS \-\-low\-level\-retries NUMBER
.PP
This controls the number of low level retries rclone does.
.PP
A low level retry is used to retry a failing operation \- typically one
HTTP request.
This might be uploading a chunk of a big file for example.
You will see low level retries in the log with the \f[C]\-v\f[] flag.
.PP
This shouldn\[aq]t need to be changed from the default in normal
operations, however if you get a lot of low level retries you may wish
to reduce the value so rclone moves on to a high level retry (see the
\f[C]\-\-retries\f[] flag) quicker.
.PP
Disable low level retries with \f[C]\-\-low\-level\-retries\ 1\f[].
.SS \-\-max\-depth=N
.PP
This modifies the recursion depth for all the commands except purge.
.PP
So if you do \f[C]rclone\ \-\-max\-depth\ 1\ ls\ remote:path\f[] you
will see only the files in the top level directory.
Using \f[C]\-\-max\-depth\ 2\f[] means you will see all the files in
first two directory levels and so on.
.PP
For historical reasons the \f[C]lsd\f[] command defaults to using a
\f[C]\-\-max\-depth\f[] of 1 \- you can override this with the command
line flag.
.PP
You can use this command to disable recursion (with
\f[C]\-\-max\-depth\ 1\f[]).
.PP
Note that if you use this with \f[C]sync\f[] and
\f[C]\-\-delete\-excluded\f[] the files not recursed through are
considered excluded and will be deleted on the destination.
Test first with \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] if you are not sure what will
happen.
.SS \-\-modify\-window=TIME
.PP
When checking whether a file has been modified, this is the maximum
allowed time difference that a file can have and still be considered
equivalent.
.PP
The default is \f[C]1ns\f[] unless this is overridden by a remote.
For example OS X only stores modification times to the nearest second so
if you are reading and writing to an OS X filing system this will be
\f[C]1s\f[] by default.
.PP
This command line flag allows you to override that computed default.
.SS \-\-no\-gzip\-encoding
.PP
Don\[aq]t set \f[C]Accept\-Encoding:\ gzip\f[].
This means that rclone won\[aq]t ask the server for compressed files
automatically.
Useful if you\[aq]ve set the server to return files with
\f[C]Content\-Encoding:\ gzip\f[] but you uploaded compressed files.
.PP
There is no need to set this in normal operation, and doing so will
decrease the network transfer efficiency of rclone.
.SS \-\-no\-update\-modtime
.PP
When using this flag, rclone won\[aq]t update modification times of
remote files if they are incorrect as it would normally.
.PP
This can be used if the remote is being synced with another tool also
(eg the Google Drive client).
.SS \-q, \-\-quiet
.PP
Normally rclone outputs stats and a completion message.
If you set this flag it will make as little output as possible.
.SS \-\-retries int
.PP
Retry the entire sync if it fails this many times it fails (default 3).
.PP
Some remotes can be unreliable and a few retries helps pick up the files
which didn\[aq]t get transferred because of errors.
.PP
Disable retries with \f[C]\-\-retries\ 1\f[].
.SS \-\-size\-only
.PP
Normally rclone will look at modification time and size of files to see
if they are equal.
If you set this flag then rclone will check only the size.
.PP
This can be useful transferring files from dropbox which have been
modified by the desktop sync client which doesn\[aq]t set checksums of
modification times in the same way as rclone.
.SS \-\-stats=TIME
.PP
Commands which transfer data (\f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]copy\f[],
\f[C]copyto\f[], \f[C]move\f[], \f[C]moveto\f[]) will print data
transfer stats at regular intervals to show their progress.
.PP
This sets the interval.
.PP
The default is \f[C]1m\f[].
Use 0 to disable.
.PP
If you set the stats interval then all command can show stats.
This can be useful when running other commands, \f[C]check\f[] or
\f[C]mount\f[] for example.
.SS \-\-stats\-unit=bits|bytes
.PP
By default data transfer rates will be printed in bytes/second.
.PP
This option allows the data rate to be printed in bits/second.
.PP
Data transfer volume will still be reported in bytes.
.PP
The rate is reported as a binary unit, not SI unit.
So 1 Mbit/s equals 1,048,576 bits/s and not 1,000,000 bits/s.
.PP
The default is \f[C]bytes\f[].
.SS \-\-suffix=SUFFIX
.PP
This is for use with \f[C]\-\-backup\-dir\f[] only.
If this isn\[aq]t set then \f[C]\-\-backup\-dir\f[] will move files with
their original name.
If it is set then the files will have SUFFIX added on to them.
.PP
See \f[C]\-\-backup\-dir\f[] for more info.
.SS \-\-syslog
.PP
On capable OSes (not Windows or Plan9) send all log output to syslog.
.PP
This can be useful for running rclone in script or
\f[C]rclone\ mount\f[].
.SS \-\-syslog\-facility string
.PP
If using \f[C]\-\-syslog\f[] this sets the syslog facility (eg
\f[C]KERN\f[], \f[C]USER\f[]).
See \f[C]man\ syslog\f[] for a list of possible facilities.
The default facility is \f[C]DAEMON\f[].
.SS \-\-track\-renames
.PP
By default rclone doesn\[aq]t not keep track of renamed files, so if you
rename a file locally then sync it to a remote, rclone will delete the
old file on the remote and upload a new copy.
.PP
If you use this flag, and the remote supports server side copy or server
side move, and the source and destination have a compatible hash, then
this will track renames during \f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]copy\f[], and
\f[C]move\f[] operations and perform renaming server\-side.
.PP
Files will be matched by size and hash \- if both match then a rename
will be considered.
.PP
If the destination does not support server\-side copy or move, rclone
will fall back to the default behaviour and log an error level message
to the console.
.PP
Note that \f[C]\-\-track\-renames\f[] is incompatible with
\f[C]\-\-no\-traverse\f[] and that it uses extra memory to keep track of
all the rename candidates.
.PP
Note also that \f[C]\-\-track\-renames\f[] is incompatible with
\f[C]\-\-delete\-before\f[] and will select \f[C]\-\-delete\-after\f[]
instead of \f[C]\-\-delete\-during\f[].
.SS \-\-delete\-(before,during,after)
.PP
This option allows you to specify when files on your destination are
deleted when you sync folders.
.PP
Specifying the value \f[C]\-\-delete\-before\f[] will delete all files
present on the destination, but not on the source \f[I]before\f[]
starting the transfer of any new or updated files.
This uses two passes through the file systems, one for the deletions and
one for the copies.
.PP
Specifying \f[C]\-\-delete\-during\f[] will delete files while checking
and uploading files.
This is the fastest option and uses the least memory.
.PP
Specifying \f[C]\-\-delete\-after\f[] (the default value) will delay
deletion of files until all new/updated files have been successfully
transferred.
The files to be deleted are collected in the copy pass then deleted
after the copy pass has completed successfully.
The files to be deleted are held in memory so this mode may use more
memory.
This is the safest mode as it will only delete files if there have been
no errors subsequent to that.
If there have been errors before the deletions start then you will get
the message \f[C]not\ deleting\ files\ as\ there\ were\ IO\ errors\f[].
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
When doing anything which involves a directory listing (eg
\f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]copy\f[], \f[C]ls\f[] \- in fact nearly every
command), rclone normally lists a directory and processes it before
using more directory lists to process any subdirectories.
This can be parallelised and works very quickly using the least amount
of memory.
.PP
However some remotes have a way of listing all files beneath a directory
in one (or a small number) of transactions.
These tend to be the bucket based remotes (eg s3, b2, gcs, swift,
hubic).
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] flag then rclone will use this
method for listing directories.
This will have the following consequences for the listing:
.IP \[bu] 2
It \f[B]will\f[] use fewer transactions (important if you pay for them)
.IP \[bu] 2
It \f[B]will\f[] use more memory.
Rclone has to load the whole listing into memory.
.IP \[bu] 2
It \f[I]may\f[] be faster because it uses fewer transactions
.IP \[bu] 2
It \f[I]may\f[] be slower because it can\[aq]t be parallelized
.PP
rclone should always give identical results with and without
\f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[].
.PP
If you pay for transactions and can fit your entire sync listing into
memory then \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] is recommended.
If you have a very big sync to do then don\[aq]t use
\f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] otherwise you will run out of memory.
.PP
If you use \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] on a remote which doesn\[aq]t support
it, then rclone will just ignore it.
.SS \-\-timeout=TIME
.PP
This sets the IO idle timeout.
If a transfer has started but then becomes idle for this long it is
considered broken and disconnected.
.PP
The default is \f[C]5m\f[].
Set to 0 to disable.
.SS \-\-transfers=N
.PP
The number of file transfers to run in parallel.
It can sometimes be useful to set this to a smaller number if the remote
is giving a lot of timeouts or bigger if you have lots of bandwidth and
a fast remote.
.PP
The default is to run 4 file transfers in parallel.
.SS \-u, \-\-update
.PP
This forces rclone to skip any files which exist on the destination and
have a modified time that is newer than the source file.
.PP
If an existing destination file has a modification time equal (within
the computed modify window precision) to the source file\[aq]s, it will
be updated if the sizes are different.
.PP
On remotes which don\[aq]t support mod time directly the time checked
will be the uploaded time.
This means that if uploading to one of these remotes, rclone will skip
any files which exist on the destination and have an uploaded time that
is newer than the modification time of the source file.
.PP
This can be useful when transferring to a remote which doesn\[aq]t
support mod times directly as it is more accurate than a
\f[C]\-\-size\-only\f[] check and faster than using
\f[C]\-\-checksum\f[].
.SS \-v, \-vv, \-\-verbose
.PP
With \f[C]\-v\f[] rclone will tell you about each file that is
transferred and a small number of significant events.
.PP
With \f[C]\-vv\f[] rclone will become very verbose telling you about
every file it considers and transfers.
Please send bug reports with a log with this setting.
.SS \-V, \-\-version
.PP
Prints the version number
.SS Configuration Encryption
.PP
Your configuration file contains information for logging in to your
cloud services.
This means that you should keep your \f[C]\&.rclone.conf\f[] file in a
secure location.
.PP
If you are in an environment where that isn\[aq]t possible, you can add
a password to your configuration.
This means that you will have to enter the password every time you start
rclone.
.PP
To add a password to your rclone configuration, execute
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[].
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
>rclone\ config
Current\ remotes:

e)\ Edit\ existing\ remote
n)\ New\ remote
d)\ Delete\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
e/n/d/s/q>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Go into \f[C]s\f[], Set configuration password:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
e/n/d/s/q>\ s
Your\ configuration\ is\ not\ encrypted.
If\ you\ add\ a\ password,\ you\ will\ protect\ your\ login\ information\ to\ cloud\ services.
a)\ Add\ Password
q)\ Quit\ to\ main\ menu
a/q>\ a
Enter\ NEW\ configuration\ password:
password:
Confirm\ NEW\ password:
password:
Password\ set
Your\ configuration\ is\ encrypted.
c)\ Change\ Password
u)\ Unencrypt\ configuration
q)\ Quit\ to\ main\ menu
c/u/q>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Your configuration is now encrypted, and every time you start rclone you
will now be asked for the password.
In the same menu you can change the password or completely remove
encryption from your configuration.
.PP
There is no way to recover the configuration if you lose your password.
.PP
rclone uses nacl
secretbox (https://godoc.org/golang.org/x/crypto/nacl/secretbox) which
in turn uses XSalsa20 and Poly1305 to encrypt and authenticate your
configuration with secret\-key cryptography.
The password is SHA\-256 hashed, which produces the key for secretbox.
The hashed password is not stored.
.PP
While this provides very good security, we do not recommend storing your
encrypted rclone configuration in public if it contains sensitive
information, maybe except if you use a very strong password.
.PP
If it is safe in your environment, you can set the
\f[C]RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS\f[] environment variable to contain your
password, in which case it will be used for decrypting the
configuration.
.PP
You can set this for a session from a script.
For unix like systems save this to a file called
\f[C]set\-rclone\-password\f[]:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#!/bin/echo\ Source\ this\ file\ don\[aq]t\ run\ it

read\ \-s\ RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS
export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then source the file when you want to use it.
From the shell you would do \f[C]source\ set\-rclone\-password\f[].
It will then ask you for the password and set it in the environment
variable.
.PP
If you are running rclone inside a script, you might want to disable
password prompts.
To do that, pass the parameter \f[C]\-\-ask\-password=false\f[] to
rclone.
This will make rclone fail instead of asking for a password if
\f[C]RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS\f[] doesn\[aq]t contain a valid password.
.SS Developer options
.PP
These options are useful when developing or debugging rclone.
There are also some more remote specific options which aren\[aq]t
documented here which are used for testing.
These start with remote name eg \f[C]\-\-drive\-test\-option\f[] \- see
the docs for the remote in question.
.SS \-\-cpuprofile=FILE
.PP
Write CPU profile to file.
This can be analysed with \f[C]go\ tool\ pprof\f[].
.SS \-\-dump\-auth
.PP
Dump HTTP headers \- will contain sensitive info such as
\f[C]Authorization:\f[] headers \- use \f[C]\-\-dump\-headers\f[] to
dump without \f[C]Authorization:\f[] headers.
Can be very verbose.
Useful for debugging only.
.SS \-\-dump\-bodies
.PP
Dump HTTP headers and bodies \- may contain sensitive info.
Can be very verbose.
Useful for debugging only.
.SS \-\-dump\-filters
.PP
Dump the filters to the output.
Useful to see exactly what include and exclude options are filtering on.
.SS \-\-dump\-headers
.PP
Dump HTTP headers with \f[C]Authorization:\f[] lines removed.
May still contain sensitive info.
Can be very verbose.
Useful for debugging only.
.PP
Use \f[C]\-\-dump\-auth\f[] if you do want the \f[C]Authorization:\f[]
headers.
.SS \-\-memprofile=FILE
.PP
Write memory profile to file.
This can be analysed with \f[C]go\ tool\ pprof\f[].
.SS \-\-no\-check\-certificate=true/false
.PP
\f[C]\-\-no\-check\-certificate\f[] controls whether a client verifies
the server\[aq]s certificate chain and host name.
If \f[C]\-\-no\-check\-certificate\f[] is true, TLS accepts any
certificate presented by the server and any host name in that
certificate.
In this mode, TLS is susceptible to man\-in\-the\-middle attacks.
.PP
This option defaults to \f[C]false\f[].
.PP
\f[B]This should be used only for testing.\f[]
.SS \-\-no\-traverse
.PP
The \f[C]\-\-no\-traverse\f[] flag controls whether the destination file
system is traversed when using the \f[C]copy\f[] or \f[C]move\f[]
commands.
\f[C]\-\-no\-traverse\f[] is not compatible with \f[C]sync\f[] and will
be ignored if you supply it with \f[C]sync\f[].
.PP
If you are only copying a small number of files and/or have a large
number of files on the destination then \f[C]\-\-no\-traverse\f[] will
stop rclone listing the destination and save time.
.PP
However if you are copying a large number of files, especially if you
are doing a copy where lots of the files haven\[aq]t changed and
won\[aq]t need copying then you shouldn\[aq]t use
\f[C]\-\-no\-traverse\f[].
.PP
It can also be used to reduce the memory usage of rclone when copying \-
\f[C]rclone\ \-\-no\-traverse\ copy\ src\ dst\f[] won\[aq]t load either
the source or destination listings into memory so will use the minimum
amount of memory.
.SS Filtering
.PP
For the filtering options
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-delete\-excluded\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-filter\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-exclude\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-exclude\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-files\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-min\-size\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-max\-size\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-min\-age\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-max\-age\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dump\-filters\f[]
.PP
See the filtering section (https://rclone.org/filtering/).
.SS Logging
.PP
rclone has 4 levels of logging, \f[C]Error\f[], \f[C]Notice\f[],
\f[C]Info\f[] and \f[C]Debug\f[].
.PP
By default rclone logs to standard error.
This means you can redirect standard error and still see the normal
output of rclone commands (eg \f[C]rclone\ ls\f[]).
.PP
By default rclone will produce \f[C]Error\f[] and \f[C]Notice\f[] level
messages.
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-q\f[] flag, rclone will only produce
\f[C]Error\f[] messages.
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-v\f[] flag, rclone will produce \f[C]Error\f[],
\f[C]Notice\f[] and \f[C]Info\f[] messages.
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-vv\f[] flag, rclone will produce \f[C]Error\f[],
\f[C]Notice\f[], \f[C]Info\f[] and \f[C]Debug\f[] messages.
.PP
You can also control the log levels with the \f[C]\-\-log\-level\f[]
flag.
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-\-log\-file=FILE\f[] option, rclone will redirect
\f[C]Error\f[], \f[C]Info\f[] and \f[C]Debug\f[] messages along with
standard error to FILE.
.PP
If you use the \f[C]\-\-syslog\f[] flag then rclone will log to syslog
and the \f[C]\-\-syslog\-facility\f[] control which facility it uses.
.PP
Rclone prefixes all log messages with their level in capitals, eg INFO
which makes it easy to grep the log file for different kinds of
information.
.SS Exit Code
.PP
If any errors occurred during the command, rclone will exit with a
non\-zero exit code.
This allows scripts to detect when rclone operations have failed.
.PP
During the startup phase rclone will exit immediately if an error is
detected in the configuration.
There will always be a log message immediately before exiting.
.PP
When rclone is running it will accumulate errors as it goes along, and
only exit with an non\-zero exit code if (after retries) there were
still failed transfers.
For every error counted there will be a high priority log message
(visible with \f[C]\-q\f[]) showing the message and which file caused
the problem.
A high priority message is also shown when starting a retry so the user
can see that any previous error messages may not be valid after the
retry.
If rclone has done a retry it will log a high priority message if the
retry was successful.
.SS Environment Variables
.PP
Rclone can be configured entirely using environment variables.
These can be used to set defaults for options or config file entries.
.SS Options
.PP
Every option in rclone can have its default set by environment variable.
.PP
To find the name of the environment variable, first take the long option
name, strip the leading \f[C]\-\-\f[], change \f[C]\-\f[] to \f[C]_\f[],
make upper case and prepend \f[C]RCLONE_\f[].
.PP
For example to always set \f[C]\-\-stats\ 5s\f[], set the environment
variable \f[C]RCLONE_STATS=5s\f[].
If you set stats on the command line this will override the environment
variable setting.
.PP
Or to always use the trash in drive \f[C]\-\-drive\-use\-trash\f[], set
\f[C]RCLONE_DRIVE_USE_TRASH=true\f[].
.PP
The same parser is used for the options and the environment variables so
they take exactly the same form.
.SS Config file
.PP
You can set defaults for values in the config file on an individual
remote basis.
If you want to use this feature, you will need to discover the name of
the config items that you want.
The easiest way is to run through \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] by hand, then
look in the config file to see what the values are (the config file can
be found by looking at the help for \f[C]\-\-config\f[] in
\f[C]rclone\ help\f[]).
.PP
To find the name of the environment variable, you need to set, take
\f[C]RCLONE_\f[] + name of remote + \f[C]_\f[] + name of config file
option and make it all uppercase.
.PP
For example to configure an S3 remote named \f[C]mys3:\f[] without a
config file (using unix ways of setting environment variables):
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_MYS3_TYPE=s3
$\ export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_MYS3_ACCESS_KEY_ID=XXX
$\ export\ RCLONE_CONFIG_MYS3_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=XXX
$\ rclone\ lsd\ MYS3:
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ 2016\-09\-21\ 12:54:21\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-1\ my\-bucket
$\ rclone\ listremotes\ |\ grep\ mys3
mys3:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that if you want to create a remote using environment variables you
must create the \f[C]\&..._TYPE\f[] variable as above.
.SS Other environment variables
.IP \[bu] 2
RCLONE_CONFIG_PASS` set to contain your config file password (see
Configuration Encryption (#configuration-encryption) section)
.IP \[bu] 2
HTTP_PROXY, HTTPS_PROXY and NO_PROXY (or the lowercase versions
thereof).
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
HTTPS_PROXY takes precedence over HTTP_PROXY for https requests.
.IP \[bu] 2
The environment values may be either a complete URL or a "host[:port]"
for, in which case the "http" scheme is assumed.
.RE
.SH Configuring rclone on a remote / headless machine
.PP
Some of the configurations (those involving oauth2) require an Internet
connected web browser.
.PP
If you are trying to set rclone up on a remote or headless box with no
browser available on it (eg a NAS or a server in a datacenter) then you
will need to use an alternative means of configuration.
There are two ways of doing it, described below.
.SS Configuring using rclone authorize
.PP
On the headless box
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\&...
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ n
For\ this\ to\ work,\ you\ will\ need\ rclone\ available\ on\ a\ machine\ that\ has\ a\ web\ browser\ available.
Execute\ the\ following\ on\ your\ machine:
\ \ \ \ rclone\ authorize\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
Then\ paste\ the\ result\ below:
result>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then on your main desktop machine
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ authorize\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
Paste\ the\ following\ into\ your\ remote\ machine\ \-\-\->
SECRET_TOKEN
<\-\-\-End\ paste
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then back to the headless box, paste in the code
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
result>\ SECRET_TOKEN
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[acd12]
client_id\ =\ 
client_secret\ =\ 
token\ =\ SECRET_TOKEN
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>
\f[]
.fi
.SS Configuring by copying the config file
.PP
Rclone stores all of its config in a single configuration file.
This can easily be copied to configure a remote rclone.
.PP
So first configure rclone on your desktop machine
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
to set up the config file.
.PP
Find the config file by running \f[C]rclone\ \-h\f[] and looking for the
help for the \f[C]\-\-config\f[] option
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-h
[snip]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\-config="/home/user/.rclone.conf":\ Config\ file.
[snip]
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Now transfer it to the remote box (scp, cut paste, ftp, sftp etc) and
place it in the correct place (use \f[C]rclone\ \-h\f[] on the remote
box to find out where).
.SH Filtering, includes and excludes
.PP
Rclone has a sophisticated set of include and exclude rules.
Some of these are based on patterns and some on other things like file
size.
.PP
The filters are applied for the \f[C]copy\f[], \f[C]sync\f[],
\f[C]move\f[], \f[C]ls\f[], \f[C]lsl\f[], \f[C]md5sum\f[],
\f[C]sha1sum\f[], \f[C]size\f[], \f[C]delete\f[] and \f[C]check\f[]
operations.
Note that \f[C]purge\f[] does not obey the filters.
.PP
Each path as it passes through rclone is matched against the include and
exclude rules like \f[C]\-\-include\f[], \f[C]\-\-exclude\f[],
\f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[], \f[C]\-\-exclude\-from\f[],
\f[C]\-\-filter\f[], or \f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[].
The simplest way to try them out is using the \f[C]ls\f[] command, or
\f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] together with \f[C]\-v\f[].
.SS Patterns
.PP
The patterns used to match files for inclusion or exclusion are based on
"file globs" as used by the unix shell.
.PP
If the pattern starts with a \f[C]/\f[] then it only matches at the top
level of the directory tree, \f[B]relative to the root of the remote\f[]
(not necessarily the root of the local drive).
If it doesn\[aq]t start with \f[C]/\f[] then it is matched starting at
the \f[B]end of the path\f[], but it will only match a complete path
element:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
file.jpg\ \ \-\ matches\ "file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "directory/file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "afile.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "directory/afile.jpg"
/file.jpg\ \-\ matches\ "file.jpg"\ in\ the\ root\ directory\ of\ the\ remote
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "afile.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "directory/file.jpg"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[] Note that you must use \f[C]/\f[] in patterns and not
\f[C]\\\f[] even if running on Windows.
.PP
A \f[C]*\f[] matches anything but not a \f[C]/\f[].
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
*.jpg\ \ \-\ matches\ "file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "directory/file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "file.jpg/something"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Use \f[C]**\f[] to match anything, including slashes (\f[C]/\f[]).
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
dir/**\ \-\ matches\ "dir/file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "dir/dir1/dir2/file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "directory/file.jpg"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "adir/file.jpg"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
A \f[C]?\f[] matches any character except a slash \f[C]/\f[].
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
l?ss\ \ \-\ matches\ "less"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "lass"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "floss"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
A \f[C][\f[] and \f[C]]\f[] together make a a character class, such as
\f[C][a\-z]\f[] or \f[C][aeiou]\f[] or \f[C][[:alpha:]]\f[].
See the go regexp docs (https://golang.org/pkg/regexp/syntax/) for more
info on these.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
h[ae]llo\ \-\ matches\ "hello"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "hallo"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "hullo"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
A \f[C]{\f[] and \f[C]}\f[] define a choice between elements.
It should contain a comma seperated list of patterns, any of which might
match.
These patterns can contain wildcards.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{one,two}_potato\ \-\ matches\ "one_potato"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "two_potato"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "three_potato"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ doesn\[aq]t\ match\ "_potato"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Special characters can be escaped with a \f[C]\\\f[] before them.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\\*.jpg\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "*.jpg"
\\\\.jpg\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \-\ matches\ "\\.jpg"
\\[one\\].jpg\ \ \-\ matches\ "[one].jpg"
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note also that rclone filter globs can only be used in one of the filter
command line flags, not in the specification of the remote, so
\f[C]rclone\ copy\ "remote:dir*.jpg"\ /path/to/dir\f[] won\[aq]t work \-
what is required is
\f[C]rclone\ \-\-include\ "*.jpg"\ copy\ remote:dir\ /path/to/dir\f[]
.SS Directories
.PP
Rclone keeps track of directories that could match any file patterns.
.PP
Eg if you add the include rule
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/a/*.jpg
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Rclone will synthesize the directory include rule
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/a/
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you put any rules which end in \f[C]/\f[] then it will only match
directories.
.PP
Directory matches are \f[B]only\f[] used to optimise directory access
patterns \- you must still match the files that you want to match.
Directory matches won\[aq]t optimise anything on bucket based remotes
(eg s3, swift, google compute storage, b2) which don\[aq]t have a
concept of directory.
.SS Differences between rsync and rclone patterns
.PP
Rclone implements bash style \f[C]{a,b,c}\f[] glob matching which rsync
doesn\[aq]t.
.PP
Rclone always does a wildcard match so \f[C]\\\f[] must always escape a
\f[C]\\\f[].
.SS How the rules are used
.PP
Rclone maintains a combined list of include rules and exclude rules.
.PP
Each file is matched in order, starting from the top, against the rule
in the list until it finds a match.
The file is then included or excluded according to the rule type.
.PP
If the matcher fails to find a match after testing against all the
entries in the list then the path is included.
.PP
For example given the following rules, \f[C]+\f[] being include,
\f[C]\-\f[] being exclude,
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\-\ secret*.jpg
+\ *.jpg
+\ *.png
+\ file2.avi
\-\ *
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This would include
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]file1.jpg\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]file3.png\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]file2.avi\f[]
.PP
This would exclude
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]secret17.jpg\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
non \f[C]*.jpg\f[] and \f[C]*.png\f[]
.PP
A similar process is done on directory entries before recursing into
them.
This only works on remotes which have a concept of directory (Eg local,
google drive, onedrive, amazon drive) and not on bucket based remotes
(eg s3, swift, google compute storage, b2).
.SS Adding filtering rules
.PP
Filtering rules are added with the following command line flags.
.SS Repeating options
.PP
You can repeat the following options to add more than one rule of that
type.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-exclude\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-exclude\-from\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-filter\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[]
.PP
Note that all the options of the same type are processed together in the
order above, regardless of what order they were placed on the command
line.
.PP
So all \f[C]\-\-include\f[] options are processed first in the order
they appeared on the command line, then all \f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[]
options etc.
.PP
To mix up the order includes and excludes, the \f[C]\-\-filter\f[] flag
can be used.
.SS \f[C]\-\-exclude\f[] \- Exclude files matching pattern
.PP
Add a single exclude rule with \f[C]\-\-exclude\f[].
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Eg \f[C]\-\-exclude\ *.bak\f[] to exclude all bak files from the sync.
.SS \f[C]\-\-exclude\-from\f[] \- Read exclude patterns from file
.PP
Add exclude rules from a file.
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Prepare a file like this \f[C]exclude\-file.txt\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ a\ sample\ exclude\ rule\ file
*.bak
file2.jpg
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then use as \f[C]\-\-exclude\-from\ exclude\-file.txt\f[].
This will sync all files except those ending in \f[C]bak\f[] and
\f[C]file2.jpg\f[].
.PP
This is useful if you have a lot of rules.
.SS \f[C]\-\-include\f[] \- Include files matching pattern
.PP
Add a single include rule with \f[C]\-\-include\f[].
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Eg \f[C]\-\-include\ *.{png,jpg}\f[] to include all \f[C]png\f[] and
\f[C]jpg\f[] files in the backup and no others.
.PP
This adds an implicit \f[C]\-\-exclude\ *\f[] at the very end of the
filter list.
This means you can mix \f[C]\-\-include\f[] and
\f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[] with the other filters (eg
\f[C]\-\-exclude\f[]) but you must include all the files you want in the
include statement.
If this doesn\[aq]t provide enough flexibility then you must use
\f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[].
.SS \f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[] \- Read include patterns from file
.PP
Add include rules from a file.
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Prepare a file like this \f[C]include\-file.txt\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ a\ sample\ include\ rule\ file
*.jpg
*.png
file2.avi
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then use as \f[C]\-\-include\-from\ include\-file.txt\f[].
This will sync all \f[C]jpg\f[], \f[C]png\f[] files and
\f[C]file2.avi\f[].
.PP
This is useful if you have a lot of rules.
.PP
This adds an implicit \f[C]\-\-exclude\ *\f[] at the very end of the
filter list.
This means you can mix \f[C]\-\-include\f[] and
\f[C]\-\-include\-from\f[] with the other filters (eg
\f[C]\-\-exclude\f[]) but you must include all the files you want in the
include statement.
If this doesn\[aq]t provide enough flexibility then you must use
\f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[].
.SS \f[C]\-\-filter\f[] \- Add a file\-filtering rule
.PP
This can be used to add a single include or exclude rule.
Include rules start with \f[C]+\f[] and exclude rules start with
\f[C]\-\f[].
A special rule called \f[C]!\f[] can be used to clear the existing
rules.
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Eg \f[C]\-\-filter\ "\-\ *.bak"\f[] to exclude all bak files from the
sync.
.SS \f[C]\-\-filter\-from\f[] \- Read filtering patterns from a file
.PP
Add include/exclude rules from a file.
.PP
This flag can be repeated.
See above for the order the flags are processed in.
.PP
Prepare a file like this \f[C]filter\-file.txt\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ a\ sample\ exclude\ rule\ file
\-\ secret*.jpg
+\ *.jpg
+\ *.png
+\ file2.avi
#\ exclude\ everything\ else
\-\ *
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then use as \f[C]\-\-filter\-from\ filter\-file.txt\f[].
The rules are processed in the order that they are defined.
.PP
This example will include all \f[C]jpg\f[] and \f[C]png\f[] files,
exclude any files matching \f[C]secret*.jpg\f[] and include
\f[C]file2.avi\f[].
Everything else will be excluded from the sync.
.SS \f[C]\-\-files\-from\f[] \- Read list of source\-file names
.PP
This reads a list of file names from the file passed in and
\f[B]only\f[] these files are transferred.
The filtering rules are ignored completely if you use this option.
.PP
This option can be repeated to read from more than one file.
These are read in the order that they are placed on the command line.
.PP
Prepare a file like this \f[C]files\-from.txt\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
#\ comment
file1.jpg
file2.jpg
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then use as \f[C]\-\-files\-from\ files\-from.txt\f[].
This will only transfer \f[C]file1.jpg\f[] and \f[C]file2.jpg\f[]
providing they exist.
.PP
For example, let\[aq]s say you had a few files you want to back up
regularly with these absolute paths:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/home/user1/important
/home/user1/dir/file
/home/user2/stuff
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy these you\[aq]d find a common subdirectory \- in this case
\f[C]/home\f[] and put the remaining files in \f[C]files\-from.txt\f[]
with or without leading \f[C]/\f[], eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
user1/important
user1/dir/file
user2/stuff
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You could then copy these to a remote like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ \-\-files\-from\ files\-from.txt\ /home\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The 3 files will arrive in \f[C]remote:backup\f[] with the paths as in
the \f[C]files\-from.txt\f[].
.PP
You could of course choose \f[C]/\f[] as the root too in which case your
\f[C]files\-from.txt\f[] might look like this.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/home/user1/important
/home/user1/dir/file
/home/user2/stuff
\f[]
.fi
.PP
And you would transfer it like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ \-\-files\-from\ files\-from.txt\ /\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
In this case there will be an extra \f[C]home\f[] directory on the
remote.
.SS \f[C]\-\-min\-size\f[] \- Don\[aq]t transfer any file smaller than
this
.PP
This option controls the minimum size file which will be transferred.
This defaults to \f[C]kBytes\f[] but a suffix of \f[C]k\f[], \f[C]M\f[],
or \f[C]G\f[] can be used.
.PP
For example \f[C]\-\-min\-size\ 50k\f[] means no files smaller than
50kByte will be transferred.
.SS \f[C]\-\-max\-size\f[] \- Don\[aq]t transfer any file larger than
this
.PP
This option controls the maximum size file which will be transferred.
This defaults to \f[C]kBytes\f[] but a suffix of \f[C]k\f[], \f[C]M\f[],
or \f[C]G\f[] can be used.
.PP
For example \f[C]\-\-max\-size\ 1G\f[] means no files larger than 1GByte
will be transferred.
.SS \f[C]\-\-max\-age\f[] \- Don\[aq]t transfer any file older than this
.PP
This option controls the maximum age of files to transfer.
Give in seconds or with a suffix of:
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]ms\f[] \- Milliseconds
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]s\f[] \- Seconds
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]m\f[] \- Minutes
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]h\f[] \- Hours
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]d\f[] \- Days
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]w\f[] \- Weeks
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]M\f[] \- Months
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]y\f[] \- Years
.PP
For example \f[C]\-\-max\-age\ 2d\f[] means no files older than 2 days
will be transferred.
.SS \f[C]\-\-min\-age\f[] \- Don\[aq]t transfer any file younger than
this
.PP
This option controls the minimum age of files to transfer.
Give in seconds or with a suffix (see \f[C]\-\-max\-age\f[] for list of
suffixes)
.PP
For example \f[C]\-\-min\-age\ 2d\f[] means no files younger than 2 days
will be transferred.
.SS \f[C]\-\-delete\-excluded\f[] \- Delete files on dest excluded from
sync
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[] this flag is dangerous \- use with
\f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] and \f[C]\-v\f[] first.
.PP
When doing \f[C]rclone\ sync\f[] this will delete any files which are
excluded from the sync on the destination.
.PP
If for example you did a sync from \f[C]A\f[] to \f[C]B\f[] without the
\f[C]\-\-min\-size\ 50k\f[] flag
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ A:\ B:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then you repeated it like this with the \f[C]\-\-delete\-excluded\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ \-\-min\-size\ 50k\ \-\-delete\-excluded\ sync\ A:\ B:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This would delete all files on \f[C]B\f[] which are less than 50 kBytes
as these are now excluded from the sync.
.PP
Always test first with \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] and \f[C]\-v\f[] before
using this flag.
.SS \f[C]\-\-dump\-filters\f[] \- dump the filters to the output
.PP
This dumps the defined filters to the output as regular expressions.
.PP
Useful for debugging.
.SS Quoting shell metacharacters
.PP
The examples above may not work verbatim in your shell as they have
shell metacharacters in them (eg \f[C]*\f[]), and may require quoting.
.PP
Eg linux, OSX
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\ \\*.jpg\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\ \[aq]*.jpg\[aq]\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include=\[aq]*.jpg\[aq]\f[]
.PP
In Windows the expansion is done by the command not the shell so this
should work fine
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-include\ *.jpg\f[]
.SH Overview of cloud storage systems
.PP
Each cloud storage system is slighly different.
Rclone attempts to provide a unified interface to them, but some
underlying differences show through.
.SS Features
.PP
Here is an overview of the major features of each cloud storage system.
.PP
.TS
tab(@);
l c c c c c.
T{
Name
T}@T{
Hash
T}@T{
ModTime
T}@T{
Case Insensitive
T}@T{
Duplicate Files
T}@T{
MIME Type
T}
_
T{
Google Drive
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
Amazon S3
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
Openstack Swift
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
Dropbox
T}@T{
DBHASH †
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
\-
T}
T{
Google Cloud Storage
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
Amazon Drive
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R
T}
T{
Microsoft OneDrive
T}@T{
SHA1
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R
T}
T{
Hubic
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
Backblaze B2
T}@T{
SHA1
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
Yandex Disk
T}@T{
MD5
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
R/W
T}
T{
SFTP
T}@T{
\-
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Depends
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
\-
T}
T{
FTP
T}@T{
\-
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
\-
T}
T{
The local filesystem
T}@T{
All
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Depends
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
\-
T}
.TE
.SS Hash
.PP
The cloud storage system supports various hash types of the objects.
.PD 0
.P
.PD
The hashes are used when transferring data as an integrity check and can
be specifically used with the \f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag in syncs and in
the \f[C]check\f[] command.
.PP
To use the checksum checks between filesystems they must support a
common hash type.
.PP
† Note that Dropbox supports its own custom
hash (https://www.dropbox.com/developers/reference/content-hash).
This is an SHA256 sum of all the 4MB block SHA256s.
.SS ModTime
.PP
The cloud storage system supports setting modification times on objects.
If it does then this enables a using the modification times as part of
the sync.
If not then only the size will be checked by default, though the MD5SUM
can be checked with the \f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag.
.PP
All cloud storage systems support some kind of date on the object and
these will be set when transferring from the cloud storage system.
.SS Case Insensitive
.PP
If a cloud storage systems is case sensitive then it is possible to have
two files which differ only in case, eg \f[C]file.txt\f[] and
\f[C]FILE.txt\f[].
If a cloud storage system is case insensitive then that isn\[aq]t
possible.
.PP
This can cause problems when syncing between a case insensitive system
and a case sensitive system.
The symptom of this is that no matter how many times you run the sync it
never completes fully.
.PP
The local filesystem and SFTP may or may not be case sensitive depending
on OS.
.IP \[bu] 2
Windows \- usually case insensitive, though case is preserved
.IP \[bu] 2
OSX \- usually case insensitive, though it is possible to format case
sensitive
.IP \[bu] 2
Linux \- usually case sensitive, but there are case insensitive file
systems (eg FAT formatted USB keys)
.PP
Most of the time this doesn\[aq]t cause any problems as people tend to
avoid files whose name differs only by case even on case sensitive
systems.
.SS Duplicate files
.PP
If a cloud storage system allows duplicate files then it can have two
objects with the same name.
.PP
This confuses rclone greatly when syncing \- use the
\f[C]rclone\ dedupe\f[] command to rename or remove duplicates.
.SS MIME Type
.PP
MIME types (also known as media types) classify types of documents using
a simple text classification, eg \f[C]text/html\f[] or
\f[C]application/pdf\f[].
.PP
Some cloud storage systems support reading (\f[C]R\f[]) the MIME type of
objects and some support writing (\f[C]W\f[]) the MIME type of objects.
.PP
The MIME type can be important if you are serving files directly to HTTP
from the storage system.
.PP
If you are copying from a remote which supports reading (\f[C]R\f[]) to
a remote which supports writing (\f[C]W\f[]) then rclone will preserve
the MIME types.
Otherwise they will be guessed from the extension, or the remote itself
may assign the MIME type.
.SS Optional Features
.PP
All the remotes support a basic set of features, but there are some
optional features supported by some remotes used to make some operations
more efficient.
.PP
.TS
tab(@);
l c c c c c c.
T{
Name
T}@T{
Purge
T}@T{
Copy
T}@T{
Move
T}@T{
DirMove
T}@T{
CleanUp
T}@T{
ListR
T}
_
T{
Google Drive
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #575 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/575)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Amazon S3
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
Openstack Swift
T}@T{
Yes †
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
Dropbox
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #575 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/575)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Google Cloud Storage
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
Amazon Drive
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #575 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/575)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Microsoft OneDrive
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No #197 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/197)
T}@T{
No #575 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/575)
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
Hubic
T}@T{
Yes †
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
Backblaze B2
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
Yandex Disk
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No #575 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/575)
T}@T{
Yes
T}
T{
SFTP
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
FTP
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}
T{
The local filesystem
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
Yes
T}@T{
No
T}@T{
No
T}
.TE
.SS Purge
.PP
This deletes a directory quicker than just deleting all the files in the
directory.
.PP
† Note Swift and Hubic implement this in order to delete directory
markers but they don\[aq]t actually have a quicker way of deleting files
other than deleting them individually.
.SS Copy
.PP
Used when copying an object to and from the same remote.
This known as a server side copy so you can copy a file without
downloading it and uploading it again.
It is used if you use \f[C]rclone\ copy\f[] or \f[C]rclone\ move\f[] if
the remote doesn\[aq]t support \f[C]Move\f[] directly.
.PP
If the server doesn\[aq]t support \f[C]Copy\f[] directly then for copy
operations the file is downloaded then re\-uploaded.
.SS Move
.PP
Used when moving/renaming an object on the same remote.
This is known as a server side move of a file.
This is used in \f[C]rclone\ move\f[] if the server doesn\[aq]t support
\f[C]DirMove\f[].
.PP
If the server isn\[aq]t capable of \f[C]Move\f[] then rclone simulates
it with \f[C]Copy\f[] then delete.
If the server doesn\[aq]t support \f[C]Copy\f[] then rclone will
download the file and re\-upload it.
.SS DirMove
.PP
This is used to implement \f[C]rclone\ move\f[] to move a directory if
possible.
If it isn\[aq]t then it will use \f[C]Move\f[] on each file (which falls
back to \f[C]Copy\f[] then download and upload \- see \f[C]Move\f[]
section).
.SS CleanUp
.PP
This is used for emptying the trash for a remote by
\f[C]rclone\ cleanup\f[].
.PP
If the server can\[aq]t do \f[C]CleanUp\f[] then
\f[C]rclone\ cleanup\f[] will return an error.
.SS ListR
.PP
The remote supports a recursive list to list all the contents beneath a
directory quickly.
This enables the \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] flag to work.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Google Drive
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]drive:path\f[]
.PP
Drive paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]drive:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for drive involves getting a token from Google drive
which you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/r/c/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 9\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
10\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
11\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
12\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
13\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
14\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 8
Google\ Application\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>\ 
Google\ Application\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>\ 
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine\ or\ Y\ didn\[aq]t\ work
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
Configure\ this\ as\ a\ team\ drive?
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ n
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =\ 
client_secret\ =\ 
token\ =\ {"AccessToken":"xxxx.x.xxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","RefreshToken":"1/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","Expiry":"2014\-03\-16T13:57:58.955387075Z","Extra":null}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Google if you use auto config mode.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall, or use
manual mode.
.PP
You can then use it like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your drive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your drive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to a drive directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Team drives
.PP
If you want to configure the remote to point to a Google Team Drive then
answer \f[C]y\f[] to the question
\f[C]Configure\ this\ as\ a\ team\ drive?\f[].
.PP
This will fetch the list of Team Drives from google and allow you to
configure which one you want to use.
You can also type in a team drive ID if you prefer.
.PP
For example:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Configure\ this\ as\ a\ team\ drive?
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
Fetching\ team\ drive\ list...
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Rclone\ Test
\ \ \ \\\ "xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx"
\ 2\ /\ Rclone\ Test\ 2
\ \ \ \\\ "yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy"
\ 3\ /\ Rclone\ Test\ 3
\ \ \ \\\ "zzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzzz"
Enter\ a\ Team\ Drive\ ID>\ 1
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =\ 
client_secret\ =\ 
token\ =\ {"AccessToken":"xxxx.x.xxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","RefreshToken":"1/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","Expiry":"2014\-03\-16T13:57:58.955387075Z","Extra":null}
team_drive\ =\ xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time
.PP
Google drive stores modification times accurate to 1 ms.
.SS Revisions
.PP
Google drive stores revisions of files.
When you upload a change to an existing file to google drive using
rclone it will create a new revision of that file.
.PP
Revisions follow the standard google policy which at time of writing was
.IP \[bu] 2
They are deleted after 30 days or 100 revisions (whatever comes first).
.IP \[bu] 2
They do not count towards a user storage quota.
.SS Deleting files
.PP
By default rclone will delete files permanently when requested.
If sending them to the trash is required instead then use the
\f[C]\-\-drive\-use\-trash\f[] flag.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-drive\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
Upload chunk size.
Must a power of 2 >= 256k.
Default value is 8 MB.
.PP
Making this larger will improve performance, but note that each chunk is
buffered in memory one per transfer.
.PP
Reducing this will reduce memory usage but decrease performance.
.SS \-\-drive\-full\-list
.PP
No longer does anything \- kept for backwards compatibility.
.SS \-\-drive\-upload\-cutoff=SIZE
.PP
File size cutoff for switching to chunked upload.
Default is 8 MB.
.SS \-\-drive\-use\-trash
.PP
Send files to the trash instead of deleting permanently.
Defaults to off, namely deleting files permanently.
.SS \-\-drive\-auth\-owner\-only
.PP
Only consider files owned by the authenticated user.
Requires that \-\-drive\-full\-list=true (default).
.SS \-\-drive\-formats
.PP
Google documents can only be exported from Google drive.
When rclone downloads a Google doc it chooses a format to download
depending upon this setting.
.PP
By default the formats are \f[C]docx,xlsx,pptx,svg\f[] which are a
sensible default for an editable document.
.PP
When choosing a format, rclone runs down the list provided in order and
chooses the first file format the doc can be exported as from the list.
If the file can\[aq]t be exported to a format on the formats list, then
rclone will choose a format from the default list.
.PP
If you prefer an archive copy then you might use
\f[C]\-\-drive\-formats\ pdf\f[], or if you prefer
openoffice/libreoffice formats you might use
\f[C]\-\-drive\-formats\ ods,odt,odp\f[].
.PP
Note that rclone adds the extension to the google doc, so if it is
calles \f[C]My\ Spreadsheet\f[] on google docs, it will be exported as
\f[C]My\ Spreadsheet.xlsx\f[] or \f[C]My\ Spreadsheet.pdf\f[] etc.
.PP
Here are the possible extensions with their corresponding mime types.
.PP
.TS
tab(@);
lw(9.7n) lw(11.7n) lw(12.6n).
T{
Extension
T}@T{
Mime Type
T}@T{
Description
T}
_
T{
csv
T}@T{
text/csv
T}@T{
Standard CSV format for Spreadsheets
T}
T{
doc
T}@T{
application/msword
T}@T{
Micosoft Office Document
T}
T{
docx
T}@T{
application/vnd.openxmlformats\-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document
T}@T{
Microsoft Office Document
T}
T{
epub
T}@T{
application/epub+zip
T}@T{
E\-book format
T}
T{
html
T}@T{
text/html
T}@T{
An HTML Document
T}
T{
jpg
T}@T{
image/jpeg
T}@T{
A JPEG Image File
T}
T{
odp
T}@T{
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation
T}@T{
Openoffice Presentation
T}
T{
ods
T}@T{
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
T}@T{
Openoffice Spreadsheet
T}
T{
ods
T}@T{
application/x\-vnd.oasis.opendocument.spreadsheet
T}@T{
Openoffice Spreadsheet
T}
T{
odt
T}@T{
application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text
T}@T{
Openoffice Document
T}
T{
pdf
T}@T{
application/pdf
T}@T{
Adobe PDF Format
T}
T{
png
T}@T{
image/png
T}@T{
PNG Image Format
T}
T{
pptx
T}@T{
application/vnd.openxmlformats\-officedocument.presentationml.presentation
T}@T{
Microsoft Office Powerpoint
T}
T{
rtf
T}@T{
application/rtf
T}@T{
Rich Text Format
T}
T{
svg
T}@T{
image/svg+xml
T}@T{
Scalable Vector Graphics Format
T}
T{
tsv
T}@T{
text/tab\-separated\-values
T}@T{
Standard TSV format for spreadsheets
T}
T{
txt
T}@T{
text/plain
T}@T{
Plain Text
T}
T{
xls
T}@T{
application/vnd.ms\-excel
T}@T{
Microsoft Office Spreadsheet
T}
T{
xlsx
T}@T{
application/vnd.openxmlformats\-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet
T}@T{
Microsoft Office Spreadsheet
T}
T{
zip
T}@T{
application/zip
T}@T{
A ZIP file of HTML, Images CSS
T}
.TE
.SS \-\-drive\-skip\-gdocs
.PP
Skip google documents in all listings.
If given, gdocs practically become invisible to rclone.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Drive has quite a lot of rate limiting.
This causes rclone to be limited to transferring about 2 files per
second only.
Individual files may be transferred much faster at 100s of MBytes/s but
lots of small files can take a long time.
.SS Making your own client_id
.PP
When you use rclone with Google drive in its default configuration you
are using rclone\[aq]s client_id.
This is shared between all the rclone users.
There is a global rate limit on the number of queries per second that
each client_id can do set by Google.
rclone already has a high quota and I will continue to make sure it is
high enough by contacting Google.
.PP
However you might find you get better performance making your own
client_id if you are a heavy user.
Or you may not depending on exactly how Google have been raising
rclone\[aq]s rate limit.
.PP
Here is how to create your own Google Drive client ID for rclone:
.IP "1." 3
Log into the Google API Console (https://console.developers.google.com/)
with your Google account.
It doesn\[aq]t matter what Google account you use.
(It need not be the same account as the Google Drive you want to access)
.IP "2." 3
Select a project or create a new project.
.IP "3." 3
Under Overview, Google APIs, Google Apps APIs, click "Drive API", then
"Enable".
.IP "4." 3
Click "Credentials" in the left\-side panel (not "Go to credentials",
which opens the wizard), then "Create credentials", then "OAuth client
ID".
It will prompt you to set the OAuth consent screen product name, if you
haven\[aq]t set one already.
.IP "5." 3
Choose an application type of "other", and click "Create".
(the default name is fine)
.IP "6." 3
It will show you a client ID and client secret.
Use these values in rclone config to add a new remote or edit an
existing remote.
.PP
(Thanks to \@balazer on github for these instructions.)
.SS Amazon S3
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:bucket\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[] for
the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:bucket/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of making an s3 configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
n/s>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 2
Get\ AWS\ credentials\ from\ runtime\ (environment\ variables\ or\ EC2\ meta\ data\ if\ no\ env\ vars).\ Only\ applies\ if\ access_key_id\ and\ secret_access_key\ is\ blank.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Enter\ AWS\ credentials\ in\ the\ next\ step
\ \ \ \\\ "false"
\ 2\ /\ Get\ AWS\ credentials\ from\ the\ environment\ (env\ vars\ or\ IAM)
\ \ \ \\\ "true"
env_auth>\ 1
AWS\ Access\ Key\ ID\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
access_key_id>\ access_key
AWS\ Secret\ Access\ Key\ (password)\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
secret_access_key>\ secret_key
Region\ to\ connect\ to.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ \ \ /\ The\ default\ endpoint\ \-\ a\ good\ choice\ if\ you\ are\ unsure.
\ 1\ |\ US\ Region,\ Northern\ Virginia\ or\ Pacific\ Northwest.
\ \ \ |\ Leave\ location\ constraint\ empty.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-east\-1"
\ \ \ /\ US\ West\ (Oregon)\ Region
\ 2\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ us\-west\-2.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-west\-2"
\ \ \ /\ US\ West\ (Northern\ California)\ Region
\ 3\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ us\-west\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-west\-1"
\ \ \ /\ EU\ (Ireland)\ Region\ Region
\ 4\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ EU\ or\ eu\-west\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "eu\-west\-1"
\ \ \ /\ EU\ (Frankfurt)\ Region
\ 5\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ eu\-central\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "eu\-central\-1"
\ \ \ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Singapore)\ Region
\ 6\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ ap\-southeast\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-southeast\-1"
\ \ \ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Sydney)\ Region
\ 7\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ ap\-southeast\-2.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-southeast\-2"
\ \ \ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Tokyo)\ Region
\ 8\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ ap\-northeast\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-northeast\-1"
\ \ \ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Seoul)
\ 9\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ ap\-northeast\-2.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-northeast\-2"
\ \ \ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Mumbai)
10\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ ap\-south\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-south\-1"
\ \ \ /\ South\ America\ (Sao\ Paulo)\ Region
11\ |\ Needs\ location\ constraint\ sa\-east\-1.
\ \ \ \\\ "sa\-east\-1"
\ \ \ /\ If\ using\ an\ S3\ clone\ that\ only\ understands\ v2\ signatures
12\ |\ eg\ Ceph/Dreamhost
\ \ \ |\ set\ this\ and\ make\ sure\ you\ set\ the\ endpoint.
\ \ \ \\\ "other\-v2\-signature"
\ \ \ /\ If\ using\ an\ S3\ clone\ that\ understands\ v4\ signatures\ set\ this
13\ |\ and\ make\ sure\ you\ set\ the\ endpoint.
\ \ \ \\\ "other\-v4\-signature"
region>\ 1
Endpoint\ for\ S3\ API.
Leave\ blank\ if\ using\ AWS\ to\ use\ the\ default\ endpoint\ for\ the\ region.
Specify\ if\ using\ an\ S3\ clone\ such\ as\ Ceph.
endpoint>
Location\ constraint\ \-\ must\ be\ set\ to\ match\ the\ Region.\ Used\ when\ creating\ buckets\ only.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Empty\ for\ US\ Region,\ Northern\ Virginia\ or\ Pacific\ Northwest.
\ \ \ \\\ ""
\ 2\ /\ US\ West\ (Oregon)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-west\-2"
\ 3\ /\ US\ West\ (Northern\ California)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "us\-west\-1"
\ 4\ /\ EU\ (Ireland)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "eu\-west\-1"
\ 5\ /\ EU\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "EU"
\ 6\ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Singapore)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-southeast\-1"
\ 7\ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Sydney)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-southeast\-2"
\ 8\ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Tokyo)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-northeast\-1"
\ 9\ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Seoul)
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-northeast\-2"
10\ /\ Asia\ Pacific\ (Mumbai)
\ \ \ \\\ "ap\-south\-1"
11\ /\ South\ America\ (Sao\ Paulo)\ Region.
\ \ \ \\\ "sa\-east\-1"
location_constraint>\ 1
Canned\ ACL\ used\ when\ creating\ buckets\ and/or\ storing\ objects\ in\ S3.
For\ more\ info\ visit\ https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl\-overview.html#canned\-acl
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ No\ one\ else\ has\ access\ rights\ (default).
\ \ \ \\\ "private"
\ 2\ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ The\ AllUsers\ group\ gets\ READ\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "public\-read"
\ \ \ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ The\ AllUsers\ group\ gets\ READ\ and\ WRITE\ access.
\ 3\ |\ Granting\ this\ on\ a\ bucket\ is\ generally\ not\ recommended.
\ \ \ \\\ "public\-read\-write"
\ 4\ /\ Owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ The\ AuthenticatedUsers\ group\ gets\ READ\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "authenticated\-read"
\ \ \ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ FULL_CONTROL.\ Bucket\ owner\ gets\ READ\ access.
\ 5\ |\ If\ you\ specify\ this\ canned\ ACL\ when\ creating\ a\ bucket,\ Amazon\ S3\ ignores\ it.
\ \ \ \\\ "bucket\-owner\-read"
\ \ \ /\ Both\ the\ object\ owner\ and\ the\ bucket\ owner\ get\ FULL_CONTROL\ over\ the\ object.
\ 6\ |\ If\ you\ specify\ this\ canned\ ACL\ when\ creating\ a\ bucket,\ Amazon\ S3\ ignores\ it.
\ \ \ \\\ "bucket\-owner\-full\-control"
acl>\ private
The\ server\-side\ encryption\ algorithm\ used\ when\ storing\ this\ object\ in\ S3.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ None
\ \ \ \\\ ""
\ 2\ /\ AES256
\ \ \ \\\ "AES256"
server_side_encryption>
The\ storage\ class\ to\ use\ when\ storing\ objects\ in\ S3.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Default
\ \ \ \\\ ""
\ 2\ /\ Standard\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "STANDARD"
\ 3\ /\ Reduced\ redundancy\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "REDUCED_REDUNDANCY"
\ 4\ /\ Standard\ Infrequent\ Access\ storage\ class
\ \ \ \\\ "STANDARD_IA"
storage_class>
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
env_auth\ =\ false
access_key_id\ =\ access_key
secret_access_key\ =\ secret_key
region\ =\ us\-east\-1
endpoint\ =
location_constraint\ =
acl\ =\ private
server_side_encryption\ =
storage_class\ =
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all buckets
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote bucket, deleting any
excess files in the bucket.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Modified time
.PP
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
\f[C]X\-Amz\-Meta\-Mtime\f[] as floating point since the epoch accurate
to 1 ns.
.SS Multipart uploads
.PP
rclone supports multipart uploads with S3 which means that it can upload
files bigger than 5GB.
Note that files uploaded with multipart upload don\[aq]t have an MD5SUM.
.SS Buckets and Regions
.PP
With Amazon S3 you can list buckets (\f[C]rclone\ lsd\f[]) using any
region, but you can only access the content of a bucket from the region
it was created in.
If you attempt to access a bucket from the wrong region, you will get an
error,
\f[C]incorrect\ region,\ the\ bucket\ is\ not\ in\ \[aq]XXX\[aq]\ region\f[].
.SS Authentication
.PP
There are two ways to supply \f[C]rclone\f[] with a set of AWS
credentials.
In order of precedence:
.IP \[bu] 2
Directly in the rclone configuration file (as configured by
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[])
.IP \[bu] 2
set \f[C]access_key_id\f[] and \f[C]secret_access_key\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Runtime configuration:
.IP \[bu] 2
set \f[C]env_auth\f[] to \f[C]true\f[] in the config file
.IP \[bu] 2
Exporting the following environment variables before running
\f[C]rclone\f[]
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Access Key ID: \f[C]AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID\f[] or \f[C]AWS_ACCESS_KEY\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Secret Access Key: \f[C]AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY\f[] or
\f[C]AWS_SECRET_KEY\f[]
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Running \f[C]rclone\f[] on an EC2 instance with an IAM role
.PP
If none of these option actually end up providing \f[C]rclone\f[] with
AWS credentials then S3 interaction will be non\-authenticated (see
below).
.SS S3 Permissions
.PP
When using the \f[C]sync\f[] subcommand of \f[C]rclone\f[] the following
minimum permissions are required to be available on the bucket being
written to:
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]ListBucket\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]DeleteObject\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]GetObject\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]PutObject\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]PutObjectACL\f[]
.PP
Example policy:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{
\ \ \ \ "Version":\ "2012\-10\-17",
\ \ \ \ "Statement":\ [
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "Effect":\ "Allow",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "Principal":\ {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "AWS":\ "arn:aws:iam::USER_SID:user/USER_NAME"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ },
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "Action":\ [
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "s3:ListBucket",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "s3:DeleteObject",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "s3:GetObject",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "s3:PutObject",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "s3:PutObjectAcl"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ],
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "Resource":\ [
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME/*",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "arn:aws:s3:::BUCKET_NAME"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ ]
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }
\ \ \ \ ]
}
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Notes on above:
.IP "1." 3
This is a policy that can be used when creating bucket.
It assumes that \f[C]USER_NAME\f[] has been created.
.IP "2." 3
The Resource entry must include both resource ARNs, as one implies the
bucket and the other implies the bucket\[aq]s objects.
.PP
For reference, here\[aq]s an Ansible
script (https://gist.github.com/ebridges/ebfc9042dd7c756cd101cfa807b7ae2b)
that will generate one or more buckets that will work with
\f[C]rclone\ sync\f[].
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-s3\-acl=STRING
.PP
Canned ACL used when creating buckets and/or storing objects in S3.
.PP
For more info visit the canned ACL
docs (https://docs.aws.amazon.com/AmazonS3/latest/dev/acl-overview.html#canned-acl).
.SS \-\-s3\-storage\-class=STRING
.PP
Storage class to upload new objects with.
.PP
Available options include:
.IP \[bu] 2
STANDARD \- default storage class
.IP \[bu] 2
STANDARD_IA \- for less frequently accessed data (e.g backups)
.IP \[bu] 2
REDUCED_REDUNDANCY (only for noncritical, reproducible data, has lower
redundancy)
.SS Anonymous access to public buckets
.PP
If you want to use rclone to access a public bucket, configure with a
blank \f[C]access_key_id\f[] and \f[C]secret_access_key\f[].
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
q)\ Quit\ config
n/q>\ n
name>\ anons3
What\ type\ of\ source\ is\ it?
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below
\ 1)\ amazon\ cloud\ drive
\ 2)\ b2
\ 3)\ drive
\ 4)\ dropbox
\ 5)\ google\ cloud\ storage
\ 6)\ swift
\ 7)\ hubic
\ 8)\ local
\ 9)\ onedrive
10)\ s3
11)\ yandex
type>\ 10
Get\ AWS\ credentials\ from\ runtime\ (environment\ variables\ or\ EC2\ meta\ data\ if\ no\ env\ vars).\ Only\ applies\ if\ access_key_id\ and\ secret_access_key\ is\ blank.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ *\ Enter\ AWS\ credentials\ in\ the\ next\ step
\ 1)\ false
\ *\ Get\ AWS\ credentials\ from\ the\ environment\ (env\ vars\ or\ IAM)
\ 2)\ true
env_auth>\ 1
AWS\ Access\ Key\ ID\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
access_key_id>
AWS\ Secret\ Access\ Key\ (password)\ \-\ leave\ blank\ for\ anonymous\ access\ or\ runtime\ credentials.
secret_access_key>
\&...
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then use it as normal with the name of the public bucket, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ anons3:1000genomes
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You will be able to list and copy data but not upload it.
.SS Ceph
.PP
Ceph is an object storage system which presents an Amazon S3 interface.
.PP
To use rclone with ceph, you need to set the following parameters in the
config.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
access_key_id\ =\ Whatever
secret_access_key\ =\ Whatever
endpoint\ =\ https://ceph.endpoint.goes.here/
region\ =\ other\-v2\-signature
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note also that Ceph sometimes puts \f[C]/\f[] in the passwords it gives
users.
If you read the secret access key using the command line tools you will
get a JSON blob with the \f[C]/\f[] escaped as \f[C]\\/\f[].
Make sure you only write \f[C]/\f[] in the secret access key.
.PP
Eg the dump from Ceph looks something like this (irrelevant keys
removed).
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
{
\ \ \ \ "user_id":\ "xxx",
\ \ \ \ "display_name":\ "xxxx",
\ \ \ \ "keys":\ [
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ {
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "user":\ "xxx",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "access_key":\ "xxxxxx",
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ "secret_key":\ "xxxxxx\\/xxxx"
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ }
\ \ \ \ ],
}
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Because this is a json dump, it is encoding the \f[C]/\f[] as
\f[C]\\/\f[], so if you use the secret key as \f[C]xxxxxx/xxxx\f[] it
will work fine.
.SS Minio
.PP
Minio (https://minio.io/) is an object storage server built for cloud
application developers and devops.
.PP
It is very easy to install and provides an S3 compatible server which
can be used by rclone.
.PP
To use it, install Minio following the instructions from the web site.
.PP
When it configures itself Minio will print something like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
AccessKey:\ WLGDGYAQYIGI833EV05A\ \ SecretKey:\ BYvgJM101sHngl2uzjXS/OBF/aMxAN06JrJ3qJlF\ Region:\ us\-east\-1

Minio\ Object\ Storage:
\ \ \ \ \ http://127.0.0.1:9000
\ \ \ \ \ http://10.0.0.3:9000

Minio\ Browser:
\ \ \ \ \ http://127.0.0.1:9000
\ \ \ \ \ http://10.0.0.3:9000
\f[]
.fi
.PP
These details need to go into \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] like this.
Note that it is important to put the region in as stated above.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
env_auth>\ 1
access_key_id>\ WLGDGYAQYIGI833EV05A
secret_access_key>\ BYvgJM101sHngl2uzjXS/OBF/aMxAN06JrJ3qJlF\ \ \ 
region>\ us\-east\-1
endpoint>\ http://10.0.0.3:9000
location_constraint>
server_side_encryption>
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Which makes the config file look like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[minio]
env_auth\ =\ false
access_key_id\ =\ WLGDGYAQYIGI833EV05A
secret_access_key\ =\ BYvgJM101sHngl2uzjXS/OBF/aMxAN06JrJ3qJlF
region\ =\ us\-east\-1
endpoint\ =\ http://10.0.0.3:9000
location_constraint\ =
server_side_encryption\ =
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Minio doesn\[aq]t support all the features of S3 yet.
In particular it doesn\[aq]t support MD5 checksums (ETags) or metadata.
This means rclone can\[aq]t check MD5SUMs or store the modified date.
However you can work around this with the \f[C]\-\-size\-only\f[] flag
of rclone.
.PP
So once set up, for example to copy files into a bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ \-\-size\-only\ copy\ /path/to/files\ minio:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.SS Swift
.PP
Swift refers to Openstack Object
Storage (https://www.openstack.org/software/openstack-storage/).
Commercial implementations of that being:
.IP \[bu] 2
Rackspace Cloud Files (https://www.rackspace.com/cloud/files/)
.IP \[bu] 2
Memset Memstore (https://www.memset.com/cloud/storage/)
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:container\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[]
for the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:container/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of making a swift configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
n/s>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 11
User\ name\ to\ log\ in.
user>\ user_name
API\ key\ or\ password.
key>\ password_or_api_key
Authentication\ URL\ for\ server.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Rackspace\ US
\ \ \ \\\ "https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
\ 2\ /\ Rackspace\ UK
\ \ \ \\\ "https://lon.auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0"
\ 3\ /\ Rackspace\ v2
\ \ \ \\\ "https://identity.api.rackspacecloud.com/v2.0"
\ 4\ /\ Memset\ Memstore\ UK
\ \ \ \\\ "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v1.0"
\ 5\ /\ Memset\ Memstore\ UK\ v2
\ \ \ \\\ "https://auth.storage.memset.com/v2.0"
\ 6\ /\ OVH
\ \ \ \\\ "https://auth.cloud.ovh.net/v2.0"
auth>\ 1
User\ domain\ \-\ optional\ (v3\ auth)
domain>\ Default
Tenant\ name\ \-\ optional\ for\ v1\ auth,\ required\ otherwise
tenant>\ tenant_name
Tenant\ domain\ \-\ optional\ (v3\ auth)
tenant_domain>
Region\ name\ \-\ optional
region>
Storage\ URL\ \-\ optional
storage_url>
AuthVersion\ \-\ optional\ \-\ set\ to\ (1,2,3)\ if\ your\ auth\ URL\ has\ no\ version
auth_version>
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
user\ =\ user_name
key\ =\ password_or_api_key
auth\ =\ https://auth.api.rackspacecloud.com/v1.0
domain\ =\ Default
tenant\ =
tenant_domain\ =
region\ =
storage_url\ =
auth_version\ =
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all containers
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new container
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:container
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a container
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:container
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote container, deleting
any excess files in the container.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:container
\f[]
.fi
.SS Configuration from an Openstack credentials file
.PP
An Opentstack credentials file typically looks something something like
this (without the comments)
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
export\ OS_AUTH_URL=https://a.provider.net/v2.0
export\ OS_TENANT_ID=ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff
export\ OS_TENANT_NAME="1234567890123456"
export\ OS_USERNAME="123abc567xy"
echo\ "Please\ enter\ your\ OpenStack\ Password:\ "
read\ \-sr\ OS_PASSWORD_INPUT
export\ OS_PASSWORD=$OS_PASSWORD_INPUT
export\ OS_REGION_NAME="SBG1"
if\ [\ \-z\ "$OS_REGION_NAME"\ ];\ then\ unset\ OS_REGION_NAME;\ fi
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The config file needs to look something like this where
\f[C]$OS_USERNAME\f[] represents the value of the \f[C]OS_USERNAME\f[]
variable \- \f[C]123abc567xy\f[] in the example above.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[remote]
type\ =\ swift
user\ =\ $OS_USERNAME
key\ =\ $OS_PASSWORD
auth\ =\ $OS_AUTH_URL
tenant\ =\ $OS_TENANT_NAME
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that you may (or may not) need to set \f[C]region\f[] too \- try
without first.
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-swift\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
Above this size files will be chunked into a _segments container.
The default for this is 5GB which is its maximum value.
.SS Modified time
.PP
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
\f[C]X\-Object\-Meta\-Mtime\f[] as floating point since the epoch
accurate to 1 ns.
.PP
This is a defacto standard (used in the official python\-swiftclient
amongst others) for storing the modification time for an object.
.SS Limitations
.PP
The Swift API doesn\[aq]t return a correct MD5SUM for segmented files
(Dynamic or Static Large Objects) so rclone won\[aq]t check or use the
MD5SUM for these.
.SS Troubleshooting
.SS Rclone gives Failed to create file system for "remote:": Bad Request
.PP
Due to an oddity of the underlying swift library, it gives a "Bad
Request" error rather than a more sensible error when the authentication
fails for Swift.
.PP
So this most likely means your username / password is wrong.
You can investigate further with the \f[C]\-\-dump\-bodies\f[] flag.
.PP
This may also be caused by specifying the region when you shouldn\[aq]t
have (eg OVH).
.SS Rclone gives Failed to create file system: Response didn\[aq]t have
storage storage url and auth token
.PP
This is most likely caused by forgetting to specify your tenant when
setting up a swift remote.
.SS Dropbox
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Dropbox paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for dropbox involves getting a token from Dropbox
which you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
n)\ New\ remote
d)\ Delete\ remote
q)\ Quit\ config
e/n/d/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 4
Dropbox\ App\ Key\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
app_key>
Dropbox\ App\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
app_secret>
Remote\ config
Please\ visit:
https://www.dropbox.com/1/oauth2/authorize?client_id=XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX&response_type=code
Enter\ the\ code:\ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_XXXXXXXXXX
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
app_key\ =
app_secret\ =
token\ =\ XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX_XXXX_XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
You can then use it like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your dropbox
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your dropbox
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to a dropbox directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time and Hashes
.PP
Dropbox supports modified times, but the only way to set a modification
time is to re\-upload the file.
.PP
This means that if you uploaded your data with an older version of
rclone which didn\[aq]t support the v2 API and modified times, rclone
will decide to upload all your old data to fix the modification times.
If you don\[aq]t want this to happen use \f[C]\-\-size\-only\f[] or
\f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag to stop it.
.PP
Dropbox supports its own hash
type (https://www.dropbox.com/developers/reference/content-hash) which
is checked for all transfers.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-dropbox\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
Upload chunk size.
Max 150M.
The default is 128MB.
Note that this isn\[aq]t buffered into memory.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Note that Dropbox is case insensitive so you can\[aq]t have a file
called "Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
.PP
There are some file names such as \f[C]thumbs.db\f[] which Dropbox
can\[aq]t store.
There is a full list of them in the "Ignored Files" section of this
document (https://www.dropbox.com/en/help/145).
Rclone will issue an error message
\f[C]File\ name\ disallowed\ \-\ not\ uploading\f[] if it attempt to
upload one of those file names, but the sync won\[aq]t fail.
.PP
If you have more than 10,000 files in a directory then
\f[C]rclone\ purge\ dropbox:dir\f[] will return the error
\f[C]Failed\ to\ purge:\ There\ are\ too\ many\ files\ involved\ in\ this\ operation\f[].
As a work\-around do an \f[C]rclone\ delete\ dropbox:dir\f[] followed by
an \f[C]rclone\ rmdir\ dropbox:dir\f[].
.SS Google Cloud Storage
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:bucket\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[] for
the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:bucket/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for google cloud storage involves getting a token from
Google Cloud Storage which you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
n)\ New\ remote
d)\ Delete\ remote
q)\ Quit\ config
e/n/d/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 6
Google\ Application\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>
Google\ Application\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>
Project\ number\ optional\ \-\ needed\ only\ for\ list/create/delete\ buckets\ \-\ see\ your\ developer\ console.
project_number>\ 12345678
Service\ Account\ Credentials\ JSON\ file\ path\ \-\ needed\ only\ if\ you\ want\ use\ SA\ instead\ of\ interactive\ login.
service_account_file>
Access\ Control\ List\ for\ new\ objects.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ all\ Authenticated\ Users\ get\ READER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "authenticatedRead"
\ 2\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ project\ team\ owners\ get\ OWNER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "bucketOwnerFullControl"
\ 3\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ project\ team\ owners\ get\ READER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "bucketOwnerRead"
\ 4\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access\ [default\ if\ left\ blank].
\ \ \ \\\ "private"
\ 5\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ project\ team\ members\ get\ access\ according\ to\ their\ roles.
\ \ \ \\\ "projectPrivate"
\ 6\ /\ Object\ owner\ gets\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ all\ Users\ get\ READER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "publicRead"
object_acl>\ 4
Access\ Control\ List\ for\ new\ buckets.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Project\ team\ owners\ get\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ all\ Authenticated\ Users\ get\ READER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "authenticatedRead"
\ 2\ /\ Project\ team\ owners\ get\ OWNER\ access\ [default\ if\ left\ blank].
\ \ \ \\\ "private"
\ 3\ /\ Project\ team\ members\ get\ access\ according\ to\ their\ roles.
\ \ \ \\\ "projectPrivate"
\ 4\ /\ Project\ team\ owners\ get\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ all\ Users\ get\ READER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "publicRead"
\ 5\ /\ Project\ team\ owners\ get\ OWNER\ access,\ and\ all\ Users\ get\ WRITER\ access.
\ \ \ \\\ "publicReadWrite"
bucket_acl>\ 2
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine\ or\ Y\ didn\[aq]t\ work
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
type\ =\ google\ cloud\ storage
client_id\ =
client_secret\ =
token\ =\ {"AccessToken":"xxxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx\-xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","RefreshToken":"x/xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx_xxxxxxxxx","Expiry":"2014\-07\-17T20:49:14.929208288+01:00","Extra":null}
project_number\ =\ 12345678
object_acl\ =\ private
bucket_acl\ =\ private
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Google if you use auto config mode.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall, or use
manual mode.
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all the buckets in your project
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote bucket, deleting any
excess files in the bucket.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.SS Service Account support
.PP
You can set up rclone with Google Cloud Storage in an unattended mode,
i.e.
not tied to a specific end\-user Google account.
This is useful when you want to synchronise files onto machines that
don\[aq]t have actively logged\-in users, for example build machines.
.PP
To get credentials for Google Cloud Platform IAM Service
Accounts (https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/service-accounts), please
head to the Service
Account (https://console.cloud.google.com/permissions/serviceaccounts)
section of the Google Developer Console.
Service Accounts behave just like normal \f[C]User\f[] permissions in
Google Cloud Storage
ACLs (https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/access-control), so you can
limit their access (e.g.
make them read only).
After creating an account, a JSON file containing the Service
Account\[aq]s credentials will be downloaded onto your machines.
These credentials are what rclone will use for authentication.
.PP
To use a Service Account instead of OAuth2 token flow, enter the path to
your Service Account credentials at the \f[C]service_account_file\f[]
prompt and rclone won\[aq]t use the browser based authentication flow.
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Modified time
.PP
Google google cloud storage stores md5sums natively and rclone stores
modification times as metadata on the object, under the "mtime" key in
RFC3339 format accurate to 1ns.
.SS Amazon Drive
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for Amazon Drive involves getting a token from Amazon
which you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
The configuration process for Amazon Drive may involve using an oauth
proxy (https://github.com/ncw/oauthproxy).
This is used to keep the Amazon credentials out of the source code.
The proxy runs in Google\[aq]s very secure App Engine environment and
doesn\[aq]t store any credentials which pass through it.
.PP
\f[B]NB\f[] rclone doesn\[aq]t not currently have its own Amazon Drive
credentials (see the
forum (https://forum.rclone.org/t/rclone-has-been-banned-from-amazon-drive/)
for why) so you will either need to have your own \f[C]client_id\f[] and
\f[C]client_secret\f[] with Amazon Drive, or use a a third party ouath
proxy in which case you will need to enter \f[C]client_id\f[],
\f[C]client_secret\f[], \f[C]auth_url\f[] and \f[C]token_url\f[].
.PP
Note also if you are not using Amazon\[aq]s \f[C]auth_url\f[] and
\f[C]token_url\f[], (ie you filled in something for those) then if
setting up on a remote machine you can only use the copying the config
method of
configuration (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/#configuring-by-copying-the-config-file)
\- \f[C]rclone\ authorize\f[] will not work.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/r/c/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 9\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
10\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
11\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
12\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
13\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
14\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 1
Amazon\ Application\ Client\ Id\ \-\ required.
client_id>\ your\ client\ ID\ goes\ here
Amazon\ Application\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ required.
client_secret>\ your\ client\ secret\ goes\ here
Auth\ server\ URL\ \-\ leave\ blank\ to\ use\ Amazon\[aq]s.
auth_url>\ Optional\ auth\ URL
Token\ server\ url\ \-\ leave\ blank\ to\ use\ Amazon\[aq]s.
token_url>\ Optional\ token\ URL
Remote\ config
Make\ sure\ your\ Redirect\ URL\ is\ set\ to\ "http://127.0.0.1:53682/"\ in\ your\ custom\ config.
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =\ your\ client\ ID\ goes\ here
client_secret\ =\ your\ client\ secret\ goes\ here
auth_url\ =\ Optional\ auth\ URL
token_url\ =\ Optional\ token\ URL
token\ =\ {"access_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","token_type":"bearer","refresh_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","expiry":"2015\-09\-06T16:07:39.658438471+01:00"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to
set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Amazon.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your Amazon Drive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your Amazon Drive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to an Amazon Drive directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time and MD5SUMs
.PP
Amazon Drive doesn\[aq]t allow modification times to be changed via the
API so these won\[aq]t be accurate or used for syncing.
.PP
It does store MD5SUMs so for a more accurate sync, you can use the
\f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag.
.SS Deleting files
.PP
Any files you delete with rclone will end up in the trash.
Amazon don\[aq]t provide an API to permanently delete files, nor to
empty the trash, so you will have to do that with one of Amazon\[aq]s
apps or via the Amazon Drive website.
As of November 17, 2016, files are automatically deleted by Amazon from
the trash after 30 days.
.SS Using with non \f[C]\&.com\f[] Amazon accounts
.PP
Let\[aq]s say you usually use \f[C]amazon.co.uk\f[].
When you authenticate with rclone it will take you to an
\f[C]amazon.com\f[] page to log in.
Your \f[C]amazon.co.uk\f[] email and password should work here just
fine.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-acd\-templink\-threshold=SIZE
.PP
Files this size or more will be downloaded via their \f[C]tempLink\f[].
This is to work around a problem with Amazon Drive which blocks
downloads of files bigger than about 10GB.
The default for this is 9GB which shouldn\[aq]t need to be changed.
.PP
To download files above this threshold, rclone requests a
\f[C]tempLink\f[] which downloads the file through a temporary URL
directly from the underlying S3 storage.
.SS \-\-acd\-upload\-wait\-per\-gb=TIME
.PP
Sometimes Amazon Drive gives an error when a file has been fully
uploaded but the file appears anyway after a little while.
This happens sometimes for files over 1GB in size and nearly every time
for files bigger than 10GB.
This parameter controls the time rclone waits for the file to appear.
.PP
The default value for this parameter is 3 minutes per GB, so by default
it will wait 3 minutes for every GB uploaded to see if the file appears.
.PP
You can disable this feature by setting it to 0.
This may cause conflict errors as rclone retries the failed upload but
the file will most likely appear correctly eventually.
.PP
These values were determined empirically by observing lots of uploads of
big files for a range of file sizes.
.PP
Upload with the \f[C]\-v\f[] flag to see more info about what rclone is
doing in this situation.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Note that Amazon Drive is case insensitive so you can\[aq]t have a file
called "Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
.PP
Amazon Drive has rate limiting so you may notice errors in the sync (429
errors).
rclone will automatically retry the sync up to 3 times by default (see
\f[C]\-\-retries\f[] flag) which should hopefully work around this
problem.
.PP
Amazon Drive has an internal limit of file sizes that can be uploaded to
the service.
This limit is not officially published, but all files larger than this
will fail.
.PP
At the time of writing (Jan 2016) is in the area of 50GB per file.
This means that larger files are likely to fail.
.PP
Unfortunately there is no way for rclone to see that this failure is
because of file size, so it will retry the operation, as any other
failure.
To avoid this problem, use \f[C]\-\-max\-size\ 50000M\f[] option to
limit the maximum size of uploaded files.
Note that \f[C]\-\-max\-size\f[] does not split files into segments, it
only ignores files over this size.
.SS Microsoft OneDrive
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for OneDrive involves getting a token from Microsoft
which you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
n/s>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 10
Microsoft\ App\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>
Microsoft\ App\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =
client_secret\ =
token\ =\ {"access_token":"XXXXXX"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to
set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Microsoft.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
List directories in top level of your OneDrive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your OneDrive
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to an OneDrive directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time and hashes
.PP
OneDrive allows modification times to be set on objects accurate to 1
second.
These will be used to detect whether objects need syncing or not.
.PP
One drive supports SHA1 type hashes, so you can use
\f[C]\-\-checksum\f[] flag.
.SS Deleting files
.PP
Any files you delete with rclone will end up in the trash.
Microsoft doesn\[aq]t provide an API to permanently delete files, nor to
empty the trash, so you will have to do that with one of Microsoft\[aq]s
apps or via the OneDrive website.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-onedrive\-chunk\-size=SIZE
.PP
Above this size files will be chunked \- must be multiple of 320k.
The default is 10MB.
Note that the chunks will be buffered into memory.
.SS \-\-onedrive\-upload\-cutoff=SIZE
.PP
Cutoff for switching to chunked upload \- must be <= 100MB.
The default is 10MB.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Note that OneDrive is case insensitive so you can\[aq]t have a file
called "Hello.doc" and one called "hello.doc".
.PP
Rclone only supports your default OneDrive, and doesn\[aq]t work with
One Drive for business.
Both these issues may be fixed at some point depending on user demand!
.PP
There are quite a few characters that can\[aq]t be in OneDrive file
names.
These can\[aq]t occur on Windows platforms, but on non\-Windows
platforms they are common.
Rclone will map these names to and from an identical looking unicode
equivalent.
For example if a file has a \f[C]?\f[] in it will be mapped to
\f[C]？\f[] instead.
.PP
The largest allowed file size is 10GiB (10,737,418,240 bytes).
.SS Hubic
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[]
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:container\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[]
for the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:container/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
The initial setup for Hubic involves getting a token from Hubic which
you need to do in your browser.
\f[C]rclone\ config\f[] walks you through it.
.PP
Here is an example of how to make a remote called \f[C]remote\f[].
First run:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
\ rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
n/s>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 8
Hubic\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>
Hubic\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =
client_secret\ =
token\ =\ {"access_token":"XXXXXX"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to
set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Hubic.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
List containers in the top level of your Hubic
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List all the files in your Hubic
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
To copy a local directory to an Hubic directory called backup
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you want the directory to be visible in the official \f[I]Hubic
browser\f[], you need to copy your files to the \f[C]default\f[]
directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ copy\ /home/source\ remote:default/backup
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Modified time
.PP
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
\f[C]X\-Object\-Meta\-Mtime\f[] as floating point since the epoch
accurate to 1 ns.
.PP
This is a defacto standard (used in the official python\-swiftclient
amongst others) for storing the modification time for an object.
.PP
Note that Hubic wraps the Swift backend, so most of the properties of
are the same.
.SS Limitations
.PP
This uses the normal OpenStack Swift mechanism to refresh the Swift API
credentials and ignores the expires field returned by the Hubic API.
.PP
The Swift API doesn\[aq]t return a correct MD5SUM for segmented files
(Dynamic or Static Large Objects) so rclone won\[aq]t check or use the
MD5SUM for these.
.SS Backblaze B2
.PP
B2 is Backblaze\[aq]s cloud storage
system (https://www.backblaze.com/b2/).
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:bucket\f[] (or \f[C]remote:\f[] for
the \f[C]lsd\f[] command.) You may put subdirectories in too, eg
\f[C]remote:bucket/path/to/dir\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of making a b2 configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
You will need your account number (a short hex number) and key (a long
hex number) which you can get from the b2 control panel.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
q)\ Quit\ config
n/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 3
Account\ ID
account>\ 123456789abc
Application\ Key
key>\ 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789
Endpoint\ for\ the\ service\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
endpoint>
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
account\ =\ 123456789abc
key\ =\ 0123456789abcdef0123456789abcdef0123456789
endpoint\ =
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all buckets
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a bucket
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote bucket, deleting any
excess files in the bucket.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Modified time
.PP
The modified time is stored as metadata on the object as
\f[C]X\-Bz\-Info\-src_last_modified_millis\f[] as milliseconds since
1970\-01\-01 in the Backblaze standard.
Other tools should be able to use this as a modified time.
.PP
Modified times are used in syncing and are fully supported except in the
case of updating a modification time on an existing object.
In this case the object will be uploaded again as B2 doesn\[aq]t have an
API method to set the modification time independent of doing an upload.
.SS SHA1 checksums
.PP
The SHA1 checksums of the files are checked on upload and download and
will be used in the syncing process.
.PP
Large files which are uploaded in chunks will store their SHA1 on the
object as \f[C]X\-Bz\-Info\-large_file_sha1\f[] as recommended by
Backblaze.
.SS Transfers
.PP
Backblaze recommends that you do lots of transfers simultaneously for
maximum speed.
In tests from my SSD equiped laptop the optimum setting is about
\f[C]\-\-transfers\ 32\f[] though higher numbers may be used for a
slight speed improvement.
The optimum number for you may vary depending on your hardware, how big
the files are, how much you want to load your computer, etc.
The default of \f[C]\-\-transfers\ 4\f[] is definitely too low for
Backblaze B2 though.
.PP
Note that uploading big files (bigger than 200 MB by default) will use a
96 MB RAM buffer by default.
There can be at most \f[C]\-\-transfers\f[] of these in use at any
moment, so this sets the upper limit on the memory used.
.SS Versions
.PP
When rclone uploads a new version of a file it creates a new version of
it (https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/file_versions.html).
Likewise when you delete a file, the old version will still be
available.
.PP
Old versions of files are visible using the \f[C]\-\-b2\-versions\f[]
flag.
.PP
If you wish to remove all the old versions then you can use the
\f[C]rclone\ cleanup\ remote:bucket\f[] command which will delete all
the old versions of files, leaving the current ones intact.
You can also supply a path and only old versions under that path will be
deleted, eg \f[C]rclone\ cleanup\ remote:bucket/path/to/stuff\f[].
.PP
When you \f[C]purge\f[] a bucket, the current and the old versions will
be deleted then the bucket will be deleted.
.PP
However \f[C]delete\f[] will cause the current versions of the files to
become hidden old versions.
.PP
Here is a session showing the listing and and retreival of an old
version followed by a \f[C]cleanup\f[] of the old versions.
.PP
Show current version and all the versions with \f[C]\-\-b2\-versions\f[]
flag.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt

$\ rclone\ \-q\ \-\-b2\-versions\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 8\ one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141032\-000.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 16\ one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141003\-000.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 15\ one\-v2016\-07\-02\-155621\-000.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Retreive an old verson
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ \-\-b2\-versions\ copy\ b2:cleanup\-test/one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141003\-000.txt\ /tmp

$\ ls\ \-l\ /tmp/one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141003\-000.txt
\-rw\-rw\-r\-\-\ 1\ ncw\ ncw\ 16\ Jul\ \ 2\ 17:46\ /tmp/one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141003\-000.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Clean up all the old versions and show that they\[aq]ve gone.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ cleanup\ b2:cleanup\-test

$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt

$\ rclone\ \-q\ \-\-b2\-versions\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt
\f[]
.fi
.SS Data usage
.PP
It is useful to know how many requests are sent to the server in
different scenarios.
.PP
All copy commands send the following 4 requests:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/b2api/v1/b2_authorize_account
/b2api/v1/b2_create_bucket
/b2api/v1/b2_list_buckets
/b2api/v1/b2_list_file_names
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The \f[C]b2_list_file_names\f[] request will be sent once for every 1k
files in the remote path, providing the checksum and modification time
of the listed files.
As of version 1.33 issue #818 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/818)
causes extra requests to be sent when using B2 with Crypt.
When a copy operation does not require any files to be uploaded, no more
requests will be sent.
.PP
Uploading files that do not require chunking, will send 2 requests per
file upload:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/b2api/v1/b2_get_upload_url
/b2api/v1/b2_upload_file/
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Uploading files requiring chunking, will send 2 requests (one each to
start and finish the upload) and another 2 requests for each chunk:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
/b2api/v1/b2_start_large_file
/b2api/v1/b2_get_upload_part_url
/b2api/v1/b2_upload_part/
/b2api/v1/b2_finish_large_file
\f[]
.fi
.SS B2 with crypt
.PP
When using B2 with \f[C]crypt\f[] files are encrypted into a temporary
location and streamed from there.
This is required to calculate the encrypted file\[aq]s checksum before
beginning the upload.
On Windows the %TMPDIR% environment variable is used as the temporary
location.
If the file requires chunking, both the chunking and encryption will
take place in memory.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-b2\-chunk\-size valuee=SIZE
.PP
When uploading large files chunk the file into this size.
Note that these chunks are buffered in memory and there might a maximum
of \f[C]\-\-transfers\f[] chunks in progress at once.
100,000,000 Bytes is the minimim size (default 96M).
.SS \-\-b2\-upload\-cutoff=SIZE
.PP
Cutoff for switching to chunked upload (default 190.735 MiB == 200 MB).
Files above this size will be uploaded in chunks of
\f[C]\-\-b2\-chunk\-size\f[].
.PP
This value should be set no larger than 4.657GiB (== 5GB) as this is the
largest file size that can be uploaded.
.SS \-\-b2\-test\-mode=FLAG
.PP
This is for debugging purposes only.
.PP
Setting FLAG to one of the strings below will cause b2 to return
specific errors for debugging purposes.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]fail_some_uploads\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]expire_some_account_authorization_tokens\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]force_cap_exceeded\f[]
.PP
These will be set in the \f[C]X\-Bz\-Test\-Mode\f[] header which is
documented in the b2 integrations
checklist (https://www.backblaze.com/b2/docs/integration_checklist.html).
.SS \-\-b2\-versions
.PP
When set rclone will show and act on older versions of files.
For example
.PP
Listing without \f[C]\-\-b2\-versions\f[]
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
And with
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ \-\-b2\-versions\ ls\ b2:cleanup\-test
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ one.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 8\ one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141032\-000.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 16\ one\-v2016\-07\-04\-141003\-000.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 15\ one\-v2016\-07\-02\-155621\-000.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Showing that the current version is unchanged but older versions can be
seen.
These have the UTC date that they were uploaded to the server to the
nearest millisecond appended to them.
.PP
Note that when using \f[C]\-\-b2\-versions\f[] no file write operations
are permitted, so you can\[aq]t upload files or delete them.
.SS Yandex Disk
.PP
Yandex Disk (https://disk.yandex.com) is a cloud storage solution
created by Yandex (https://yandex.com).
.PP
Yandex paths may be as deep as required, eg
\f[C]remote:directory/subdirectory\f[].
.PP
Here is an example of making a yandex configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
n/s>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 13
Yandex\ Client\ Id\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_id>
Yandex\ Client\ Secret\ \-\ leave\ blank\ normally.
client_secret>
Remote\ config
Use\ auto\ config?
\ *\ Say\ Y\ if\ not\ sure
\ *\ Say\ N\ if\ you\ are\ working\ on\ a\ remote\ or\ headless\ machine
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
If\ your\ browser\ doesn\[aq]t\ open\ automatically\ go\ to\ the\ following\ link:\ http://127.0.0.1:53682/auth
Log\ in\ and\ authorize\ rclone\ for\ access
Waiting\ for\ code...
Got\ code
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
client_id\ =
client_secret\ =
token\ =\ {"access_token":"xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx","token_type":"bearer","expiry":"2016\-12\-29T12:27:11.362788025Z"}
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for how to
set it up on a machine with no Internet browser available.
.PP
Note that rclone runs a webserver on your local machine to collect the
token as returned from Yandex Disk.
This only runs from the moment it opens your browser to the moment you
get back the verification code.
This is on \f[C]http://127.0.0.1:53682/\f[] and this it may require you
to unblock it temporarily if you are running a host firewall.
.PP
Once configured you can then use \f[C]rclone\f[] like this,
.PP
See top level directories
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote path, deleting any
excess files in the path.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:directory
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-fast\-list
.PP
This remote supports \f[C]\-\-fast\-list\f[] which allows you to use
fewer transactions in exchange for more memory.
See the rclone docs (/docs/#fast-list) for more details.
.SS Modified time
.PP
Modified times are supported and are stored accurate to 1 ns in custom
metadata called \f[C]rclone_modified\f[] in RFC3339 with nanoseconds
format.
.SS MD5 checksums
.PP
MD5 checksums are natively supported by Yandex Disk.
.SS SFTP
.PP
SFTP is the Secure (or SSH) File Transfer
Protocol (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SSH_File_Transfer_Protocol).
.PP
It runs over SSH v2 and is standard with most modern SSH installations.
.PP
Paths are specified as \f[C]remote:path\f[].
If the path does not begin with a \f[C]/\f[] it is relative to the home
directory of the user.
An empty path \f[C]remote:\f[] refers to the users home directory.
.PP
Here is an example of making a SFTP configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
You will need your account number (a short hex number) and key (a long
hex number) which you can get from the SFTP control panel.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/r/c/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ FTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 9\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
10\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
11\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
12\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
13\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
14\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ sftp
SSH\ host\ to\ connect\ to
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Connect\ to\ example.com
\ \ \ \\\ "example.com"
host>\ example.com
SSH\ username,\ leave\ blank\ for\ current\ username,\ ncw
user>\ 
SSH\ port,\ leave\ blank\ to\ use\ default\ (22)
port>\ 
SSH\ password,\ leave\ blank\ to\ use\ ssh\-agent
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
n)\ No\ leave\ this\ optional\ password\ blank
y/g/n>\ n
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
host\ =\ example.com
user\ =\ 
port\ =\ 
pass\ =\ 
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all directories in the home directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:path/to/directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:path/to/directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote directory, deleting
any excess files in the directory.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:directory
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time
.PP
Modified times are stored on the server to 1 second precision.
.PP
Modified times are used in syncing and are fully supported.
.SS Limitations
.PP
SFTP does not support any checksums.
.PP
The only ssh agent supported under Windows is Putty\[aq]s pagent.
.PP
SFTP isn\[aq]t supported under plan9 until this
issue (https://github.com/pkg/sftp/issues/156) is fixed.
.PP
Note that since SFTP isn\[aq]t HTTP based the following flags don\[aq]t
work with it: \f[C]\-\-dump\-headers\f[], \f[C]\-\-dump\-bodies\f[],
\f[C]\-\-dump\-auth\f[]
.PP
Note that \f[C]\-\-timeout\f[] isn\[aq]t supported (but
\f[C]\-\-contimeout\f[] is).
.SS Crypt
.PP
The \f[C]crypt\f[] remote encrypts and decrypts another remote.
.PP
To use it first set up the underlying remote following the config
instructions for that remote.
You can also use a local pathname instead of a remote which will encrypt
and decrypt from that directory which might be useful for encrypting
onto a USB stick for example.
.PP
First check your chosen remote is working \- we\[aq]ll call it
\f[C]remote:path\f[] in these docs.
Note that anything inside \f[C]remote:path\f[] will be encrypted and
anything outside won\[aq]t.
This means that if you are using a bucket based remote (eg S3, B2,
swift) then you should probably put the bucket in the remote
\f[C]s3:bucket\f[].
If you just use \f[C]s3:\f[] then rclone will make encrypted bucket
names too (if using file name encryption) which may or may not be what
you want.
.PP
Now configure \f[C]crypt\f[] using \f[C]rclone\ config\f[].
We will call this one \f[C]secret\f[] to differentiate it from the
\f[C]remote\f[].
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/s/q>\ n\ \ \ 
name>\ secret
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 8\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
\ 9\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
10\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
11\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
12\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
13\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ 5
Remote\ to\ encrypt/decrypt.
Normally\ should\ contain\ a\ \[aq]:\[aq]\ and\ a\ path,\ eg\ "myremote:path/to/dir",
"myremote:bucket"\ or\ maybe\ "myremote:"\ (not\ recommended).
remote>\ remote:path
How\ to\ encrypt\ the\ filenames.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Don\[aq]t\ encrypt\ the\ file\ names.\ \ Adds\ a\ ".bin"\ extension\ only.
\ \ \ \\\ "off"
\ 2\ /\ Encrypt\ the\ filenames\ see\ the\ docs\ for\ the\ details.
\ \ \ \\\ "standard"
\ 3\ /\ Very\ simple\ filename\ obfuscation.
\ \ \ \\\ "obfuscate"
filename_encryption>\ 2
Password\ or\ pass\ phrase\ for\ encryption.
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
y/g>\ y
Enter\ the\ password:
password:
Confirm\ the\ password:
password:
Password\ or\ pass\ phrase\ for\ salt.\ Optional\ but\ recommended.
Should\ be\ different\ to\ the\ previous\ password.
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
n)\ No\ leave\ this\ optional\ password\ blank
y/g/n>\ g
Password\ strength\ in\ bits.
64\ is\ just\ about\ memorable
128\ is\ secure
1024\ is\ the\ maximum
Bits>\ 128
Your\ password\ is:\ JAsJvRcgR\-_veXNfy_sGmQ
Use\ this\ password?
y)\ Yes
n)\ No
y/n>\ y
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[secret]
remote\ =\ remote:path
filename_encryption\ =\ standard
password\ =\ ***\ ENCRYPTED\ ***
password2\ =\ ***\ ENCRYPTED\ ***
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
\f[B]Important\f[] The password is stored in the config file is lightly
obscured so it isn\[aq]t immediately obvious what it is.
It is in no way secure unless you use config file encryption.
.PP
A long passphrase is recommended, or you can use a random one.
Note that if you reconfigure rclone with the same passwords/passphrases
elsewhere it will be compatible \- all the secrets used are derived from
those two passwords/passphrases.
.PP
Note that rclone does not encrypt
.IP \[bu] 2
file length \- this can be calcuated within 16 bytes
.IP \[bu] 2
modification time \- used for syncing
.SS Specifying the remote
.PP
In normal use, make sure the remote has a \f[C]:\f[] in.
If you specify the remote without a \f[C]:\f[] then rclone will use a
local directory of that name.
So if you use a remote of \f[C]/path/to/secret/files\f[] then rclone
will encrypt stuff to that directory.
If you use a remote of \f[C]name\f[] then rclone will put files in a
directory called \f[C]name\f[] in the current directory.
.PP
If you specify the remote as \f[C]remote:path/to/dir\f[] then rclone
will store encrypted files in \f[C]path/to/dir\f[] on the remote.
If you are using file name encryption, then when you save files to
\f[C]secret:subdir/subfile\f[] this will store them in the unencrypted
path \f[C]path/to/dir\f[] but the \f[C]subdir/subpath\f[] bit will be
encrypted.
.PP
Note that unless you want encrypted bucket names (which are difficult to
manage because you won\[aq]t know what directory they represent in web
interfaces etc), you should probably specify a bucket, eg
\f[C]remote:secretbucket\f[] when using bucket based remotes such as S3,
Swift, Hubic, B2, GCS.
.SS Example
.PP
To test I made a little directory of files using "standard" file name
encryption.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
plaintext/
├──\ file0.txt
├──\ file1.txt
└──\ subdir
\ \ \ \ ├──\ file2.txt
\ \ \ \ ├──\ file3.txt
\ \ \ \ └──\ subsubdir
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ └──\ file4.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Copy these to the remote and list them back
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ copy\ plaintext\ secret:
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ secret:
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 7\ file1.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ file0.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 8\ subdir/file2.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 10\ subdir/subsubdir/file4.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ subdir/file3.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Now see what that looked like when encrypted
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ remote:path
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 55\ hagjclgavj2mbiqm6u6cnjjqcg
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 54\ v05749mltvv1tf4onltun46gls
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 57\ 86vhrsv86mpbtd3a0akjuqslj8/dlj7fkq4kdq72emafg7a7s41uo
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 58\ 86vhrsv86mpbtd3a0akjuqslj8/7uu829995du6o42n32otfhjqp4/b9pausrfansjth5ob3jkdqd4lc
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 56\ 86vhrsv86mpbtd3a0akjuqslj8/8njh1sk437gttmep3p70g81aps
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that this retains the directory structure which means you can do
this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ secret:subdir
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 8\ file2.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 9\ file3.txt
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 10\ subsubdir/file4.txt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If don\[aq]t use file name encryption then the remote will look like
this \- note the \f[C]\&.bin\f[] extensions added to prevent the cloud
provider attempting to interpret the data.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ remote:path
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 54\ file0.txt.bin
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 57\ subdir/file3.txt.bin
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 56\ subdir/file2.txt.bin
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 58\ subdir/subsubdir/file4.txt.bin
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ 55\ file1.txt.bin
\f[]
.fi
.SS File name encryption modes
.PP
Here are some of the features of the file name encryption modes
.PP
Off
.IP \[bu] 2
doesn\[aq]t hide file names or directory structure
.IP \[bu] 2
allows for longer file names (~246 characters)
.IP \[bu] 2
can use sub paths and copy single files
.PP
Standard
.IP \[bu] 2
file names encrypted
.IP \[bu] 2
file names can\[aq]t be as long (~156 characters)
.IP \[bu] 2
can use sub paths and copy single files
.IP \[bu] 2
directory structure visibile
.IP \[bu] 2
identical files names will have identical uploaded names
.IP \[bu] 2
can use shortcuts to shorten the directory recursion
.PP
Obfuscation
.PP
This is a simple "rotate" of the filename, with each file having a rot
distance based on the filename.
We store the distance at the beginning of the filename.
So a file called "hello" may become "53.jgnnq"
.PP
This is not a strong encryption of filenames, but it may stop automated
scanning tools from picking up on filename patterns.
As such it\[aq]s an intermediate between "off" and "standard".
The advantage is that it allows for longer path segment names.
.PP
There is a possibility with some unicode based filenames that the
obfuscation is weak and may map lower case characters to upper case
equivalents.
You can not rely on this for strong protection.
.IP \[bu] 2
file names very lightly obfuscated
.IP \[bu] 2
file names can be longer than standard encryption
.IP \[bu] 2
can use sub paths and copy single files
.IP \[bu] 2
directory structure visibile
.IP \[bu] 2
identical files names will have identical uploaded names
.PP
Cloud storage systems have various limits on file name length and total
path length which you are more likely to hit using "Standard" file name
encryption.
If you keep your file names to below 156 characters in length then you
should be OK on all providers.
.PP
There may be an even more secure file name encryption mode in the future
which will address the long file name problem.
.SS Modified time and hashes
.PP
Crypt stores modification times using the underlying remote so support
depends on that.
.PP
Hashes are not stored for crypt.
However the data integrity is protected by an extremely strong crypto
authenticator.
.PP
Note that you should use the \f[C]rclone\ cryptcheck\f[] command to
check the integrity of a crypted remote instead of
\f[C]rclone\ check\f[] which can\[aq]t check the checksums properly.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to this cloud storage system.
.SS \-\-crypt\-show\-mapping
.PP
If this flag is set then for each file that the remote is asked to list,
it will log (at level INFO) a line stating the decrypted file name and
the encrypted file name.
.PP
This is so you can work out which encrypted names are which decrypted
names just in case you need to do something with the encrypted file
names, or for debugging purposes.
.SS Backing up a crypted remote
.PP
If you wish to backup a crypted remote, it it recommended that you use
\f[C]rclone\ sync\f[] on the encrypted files, and make sure the
passwords are the same in the new encrypted remote.
.PP
This will have the following advantages
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]rclone\ sync\f[] will check the checksums while copying
.IP \[bu] 2
you can use \f[C]rclone\ check\f[] between the encrypted remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
you don\[aq]t decrypt and encrypt unecessarily
.PP
For example, let\[aq]s say you have your original remote at
\f[C]remote:\f[] with the encrypted version at \f[C]eremote:\f[] with
path \f[C]remote:crypt\f[].
You would then set up the new remote \f[C]remote2:\f[] and then the
encrypted version \f[C]eremote2:\f[] with path \f[C]remote2:crypt\f[]
using the same passwords as \f[C]eremote:\f[].
.PP
To sync the two remotes you would do
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ remote:crypt\ remote2:crypt
\f[]
.fi
.PP
And to check the integrity you would do
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ check\ remote:crypt\ remote2:crypt
\f[]
.fi
.SS File formats
.SS File encryption
.PP
Files are encrypted 1:1 source file to destination object.
The file has a header and is divided into chunks.
.SS Header
.IP \[bu] 2
8 bytes magic string \f[C]RCLONE\\x00\\x00\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
24 bytes Nonce (IV)
.PP
The initial nonce is generated from the operating systems crypto strong
random number genrator.
The nonce is incremented for each chunk read making sure each nonce is
unique for each block written.
The chance of a nonce being re\-used is miniscule.
If you wrote an exabyte of data (10¹⁸ bytes) you would have a
probability of approximately 2×10⁻³² of re\-using a nonce.
.SS Chunk
.PP
Each chunk will contain 64kB of data, except for the last one which may
have less data.
The data chunk is in standard NACL secretbox format.
Secretbox uses XSalsa20 and Poly1305 to encrypt and authenticate
messages.
.PP
Each chunk contains:
.IP \[bu] 2
16 Bytes of Poly1305 authenticator
.IP \[bu] 2
1 \- 65536 bytes XSalsa20 encrypted data
.PP
64k chunk size was chosen as the best performing chunk size (the
authenticator takes too much time below this and the performance drops
off due to cache effects above this).
Note that these chunks are buffered in memory so they can\[aq]t be too
big.
.PP
This uses a 32 byte (256 bit key) key derived from the user password.
.SS Examples
.PP
1 byte file will encrypt to
.IP \[bu] 2
32 bytes header
.IP \[bu] 2
17 bytes data chunk
.PP
49 bytes total
.PP
1MB (1048576 bytes) file will encrypt to
.IP \[bu] 2
32 bytes header
.IP \[bu] 2
16 chunks of 65568 bytes
.PP
1049120 bytes total (a 0.05% overhead).
This is the overhead for big files.
.SS Name encryption
.PP
File names are encrypted segment by segment \- the path is broken up
into \f[C]/\f[] separated strings and these are encrypted individually.
.PP
File segments are padded using using PKCS#7 to a multiple of 16 bytes
before encryption.
.PP
They are then encrypted with EME using AES with 256 bit key.
EME (ECB\-Mix\-ECB) is a wide\-block encryption mode presented in the
2003 paper "A Parallelizable Enciphering Mode" by Halevi and Rogaway.
.PP
This makes for determinstic encryption which is what we want \- the same
filename must encrypt to the same thing otherwise we can\[aq]t find it
on the cloud storage system.
.PP
This means that
.IP \[bu] 2
filenames with the same name will encrypt the same
.IP \[bu] 2
filenames which start the same won\[aq]t have a common prefix
.PP
This uses a 32 byte key (256 bits) and a 16 byte (128 bits) IV both of
which are derived from the user password.
.PP
After encryption they are written out using a modified version of
standard \f[C]base32\f[] encoding as described in RFC4648.
The standard encoding is modified in two ways:
.IP \[bu] 2
it becomes lower case (no\-one likes upper case filenames!)
.IP \[bu] 2
we strip the padding character \f[C]=\f[]
.PP
\f[C]base32\f[] is used rather than the more efficient \f[C]base64\f[]
so rclone can be used on case insensitive remotes (eg Windows, Amazon
Drive).
.SS Key derivation
.PP
Rclone uses \f[C]scrypt\f[] with parameters \f[C]N=16384,\ r=8,\ p=1\f[]
with a an optional user supplied salt (password2) to derive the 32+32+16
= 80 bytes of key material required.
If the user doesn\[aq]t supply a salt then rclone uses an internal one.
.PP
\f[C]scrypt\f[] makes it impractical to mount a dictionary attack on
rclone encrypted data.
For full protection agains this you should always use a salt.
.SS FTP
.PP
FTP is the File Transfer Protocol.
FTP support is provided using the
github.com/jlaffaye/ftp (https://godoc.org/github.com/jlaffaye/ftp)
package.
.PP
Here is an example of making an FTP configuration.
First run
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ config
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This will guide you through an interactive setup process.
An FTP remote only needs a host together with and a username and a
password.
With anonymous FTP server, you will need to use \f[C]anonymous\f[] as
username and your email address as the password.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
No\ remotes\ found\ \-\ make\ a\ new\ one
n)\ New\ remote
r)\ Rename\ remote
c)\ Copy\ remote
s)\ Set\ configuration\ password
q)\ Quit\ config
n/r/c/s/q>\ n
name>\ remote
Type\ of\ storage\ to\ configure.
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Amazon\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "amazon\ cloud\ drive"
\ 2\ /\ Amazon\ S3\ (also\ Dreamhost,\ Ceph,\ Minio)
\ \ \ \\\ "s3"
\ 3\ /\ Backblaze\ B2
\ \ \ \\\ "b2"
\ 4\ /\ Dropbox
\ \ \ \\\ "dropbox"
\ 5\ /\ Encrypt/Decrypt\ a\ remote
\ \ \ \\\ "crypt"
\ 6\ /\ FTP\ Connection\ 
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp"
\ 7\ /\ Google\ Cloud\ Storage\ (this\ is\ not\ Google\ Drive)
\ \ \ \\\ "google\ cloud\ storage"
\ 8\ /\ Google\ Drive
\ \ \ \\\ "drive"
\ 9\ /\ Hubic
\ \ \ \\\ "hubic"
10\ /\ Local\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "local"
11\ /\ Microsoft\ OneDrive
\ \ \ \\\ "onedrive"
12\ /\ Openstack\ Swift\ (Rackspace\ Cloud\ Files,\ Memset\ Memstore,\ OVH)
\ \ \ \\\ "swift"
13\ /\ SSH/SFTP\ Connection
\ \ \ \\\ "sftp"
14\ /\ Yandex\ Disk
\ \ \ \\\ "yandex"
Storage>\ ftp
FTP\ host\ to\ connect\ to
Choose\ a\ number\ from\ below,\ or\ type\ in\ your\ own\ value
\ 1\ /\ Connect\ to\ ftp.example.com
\ \ \ \\\ "ftp.example.com"
host>\ ftp.example.com
FTP\ username,\ leave\ blank\ for\ current\ username,\ ncw
user>
FTP\ port,\ leave\ blank\ to\ use\ default\ (21)
port>
FTP\ password
y)\ Yes\ type\ in\ my\ own\ password
g)\ Generate\ random\ password
y/g>\ y
Enter\ the\ password:
password:
Confirm\ the\ password:
password:
Remote\ config
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
[remote]
host\ =\ ftp.example.com
user\ =\ 
port\ =
pass\ =\ ***\ ENCRYPTED\ ***
\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-\-
y)\ Yes\ this\ is\ OK
e)\ Edit\ this\ remote
d)\ Delete\ this\ remote
y/e/d>\ y
\f[]
.fi
.PP
This remote is called \f[C]remote\f[] and can now be used like this
.PP
See all directories in the home directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ lsd\ remote:
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Make a new directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ mkdir\ remote:path/to/directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
List the contents of a directory
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ ls\ remote:path/to/directory
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Sync \f[C]/home/local/directory\f[] to the remote directory, deleting
any excess files in the directory.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/local/directory\ remote:directory
\f[]
.fi
.SS Modified time
.PP
FTP does not support modified times.
Any times you see on the server will be time of upload.
.SS Checksums
.PP
FTP does not support any checksums.
.SS Limitations
.PP
Note that since FTP isn\[aq]t HTTP based the following flags don\[aq]t
work with it: \f[C]\-\-dump\-headers\f[], \f[C]\-\-dump\-bodies\f[],
\f[C]\-\-dump\-auth\f[]
.PP
Note that \f[C]\-\-timeout\f[] isn\[aq]t supported (but
\f[C]\-\-contimeout\f[] is).
.PP
FTP could support server side move but doesn\[aq]t yet.
.SS Local Filesystem
.PP
Local paths are specified as normal filesystem paths, eg
\f[C]/path/to/wherever\f[], so
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ /home/source\ /tmp/destination
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Will sync \f[C]/home/source\f[] to \f[C]/tmp/destination\f[]
.PP
These can be configured into the config file for consistencies sake, but
it is probably easier not to.
.SS Modified time
.PP
Rclone reads and writes the modified time using an accuracy determined
by the OS.
Typically this is 1ns on Linux, 10 ns on Windows and 1 Second on OS X.
.SS Filenames
.PP
Filenames are expected to be encoded in UTF\-8 on disk.
This is the normal case for Windows and OS X.
.PP
There is a bit more uncertainty in the Linux world, but new
distributions will have UTF\-8 encoded files names.
If you are using an old Linux filesystem with non UTF\-8 file names (eg
latin1) then you can use the \f[C]convmv\f[] tool to convert the
filesystem to UTF\-8.
This tool is available in most distributions\[aq] package managers.
.PP
If an invalid (non\-UTF8) filename is read, the invalid caracters will
be replaced with the unicode replacement character, \[aq]<5D>\[aq].
\f[C]rclone\f[] will emit a debug message in this case (use \f[C]\-v\f[]
to see), eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Local\ file\ system\ at\ .:\ Replacing\ invalid\ UTF\-8\ characters\ in\ "gro\\xdf"
\f[]
.fi
.SS Long paths on Windows
.PP
Rclone handles long paths automatically, by converting all paths to long
UNC
paths (https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/aa365247(v=vs.85).aspx#maxpath)
which allows paths up to 32,767 characters.
.PP
This is why you will see that your paths, for instance
\f[C]c:\\files\f[] is converted to the UNC path
\f[C]\\\\?\\c:\\files\f[] in the output, and \f[C]\\\\server\\share\f[]
is converted to \f[C]\\\\?\\UNC\\server\\share\f[].
.PP
However, in rare cases this may cause problems with buggy file system
drivers like EncFS (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/261).
To disable UNC conversion globally, add this to your
\f[C]\&.rclone.conf\f[] file:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[local]
nounc\ =\ true
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you want to selectively disable UNC, you can add it to a separate
entry like this:
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
[nounc]
type\ =\ local
nounc\ =\ true
\f[]
.fi
.PP
And use rclone like this:
.PP
\f[C]rclone\ copy\ c:\\src\ nounc:z:\\dst\f[]
.PP
This will use UNC paths on \f[C]c:\\src\f[] but not on \f[C]z:\\dst\f[].
Of course this will cause problems if the absolute path length of a file
exceeds 258 characters on z, so only use this option if you have to.
.SS Specific options
.PP
Here are the command line options specific to local storage
.SS \-\-copy\-links, \-L
.PP
Normally rclone will ignore symlinks or junction points (which behave
like symlinks under Windows).
.PP
If you supply this flag then rclone will follow the symlink and copy the
pointed to file or directory.
.PP
This flag applies to all commands.
.PP
For example, supposing you have a directory structure like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ tree\ /tmp/a
/tmp/a
├──\ b\ \->\ ../b
├──\ expected\ \->\ ../expected
├──\ one
└──\ two
\ \ \ \ └──\ three
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Then you can see the difference with and without the flag like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ ls\ /tmp/a
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ one
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ two/three
\f[]
.fi
.PP
and
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-L\ ls\ /tmp/a
\ \ \ \ \ 4174\ expected
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ one
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ two/three
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ b/two
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 6\ b/one
\f[]
.fi
.SS \-\-no\-local\-unicode\-normalization
.PP
By default rclone normalizes (NFC) the unicode representation of
filenames and directories.
This flag disables that normalization and uses the same representation
as the local filesystem.
.PP
This can be useful if you need to retain the local unicode
representation and you are using a cloud provider which supports
unnormalized names (e.g.
S3 or ACD).
.PP
This should also work with any provider if you are using crypt and have
file name encryption (the default) or obfuscation turned on.
.SS \-\-one\-file\-system, \-x
.PP
This tells rclone to stay in the filesystem specified by the root and
not to recurse into different file systems.
.PP
For example if you have a directory heirachy like this
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
root
├──\ disk1\ \ \ \ \ \-\ disk1\ mounted\ on\ the\ root
│\ \ \ └──\ file3\ \-\ stored\ on\ disk1
├──\ disk2\ \ \ \ \ \-\ disk2\ mounted\ on\ the\ root
│\ \ \ └──\ file4\ \-\ stored\ on\ disk12
├──\ file1\ \ \ \ \ \-\ stored\ on\ the\ root\ disk
└──\ file2\ \ \ \ \ \-\ stored\ on\ the\ root\ disk
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Using \f[C]rclone\ \-\-one\-file\-system\ copy\ root\ remote:\f[] will
only copy \f[C]file1\f[] and \f[C]file2\f[].
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ \-\-one\-file\-system\ ls\ root
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ file1
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ file2
\f[]
.fi
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
$\ rclone\ \-q\ ls\ root
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ disk1/file3
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ disk2/file4
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ file1
\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ 0\ file2
\f[]
.fi
.PP
\f[B]NB\f[] Rclone (like most unix tools such as \f[C]du\f[],
\f[C]rsync\f[] and \f[C]tar\f[]) treats a bind mount to the same device
as being on the same filesystem.
.PP
\f[B]NB\f[] This flag is only available on Unix based systems.
On systems where it isn\[aq]t supported (eg Windows) it will not appear
as an valid flag.
.SS Changelog
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.36 \- 2017\-03\-18
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
SFTP remote (Jack Schmidt)
.IP \[bu] 2
Re\-implement sync routine to work a directory at a time reducing memory
usage
.IP \[bu] 2
Logging revamped to be more inline with rsync \- now much quieter
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
\-v only shows transfers
.IP \[bu] 2
\-vv is for full debug
.IP \[bu] 2
\-\-syslog to log to syslog on capable platforms
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-backup\-dir and \-\-suffix
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-track\-renames (initial implementation by Bjørn Erik
Pedersen)
.IP \[bu] 2
Add time\-based bandwidth limits (Lukas Loesche)
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone cryptcheck: checks integrity of crypt remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow all config file variables and options to be set from environment
variables
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-buffer\-size parameter to control buffer size for copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Make \-\-delete\-after the default
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-ignore\-checksum flag (fixed by Hisham Zarka)
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone check: Add \-\-download flag to check all the data, not just
hashes
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone cat: add \-\-head, \-\-tail, \-\-offset, \-\-count and
\-\-discard
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone config: when choosing from a list, allow the value to be entered
too
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone config: allow rename and copy of remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone obscure: for generating encrypted passwords for rclone\[aq]s
config (T.C.
Ferguson)
.IP \[bu] 2
Comply with XDG Base Directory specification (Dario Giovannetti)
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
this moves the default location of the config file in a backwards
compatible way
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Release changes
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Ubuntu snap support (Dedsec1)
.IP \[bu] 2
Compile with go 1.8
.IP \[bu] 2
MIPS/Linux big and little endian support
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix copyto copying things to the wrong place if the destination dir
didn\[aq]t exist
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix parsing of remotes in moveto and copyto
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \-\-delete\-before deleting files on copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \-\-files\-from with an empty file copying everything
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix sync: don\[aq]t update mod times if \-\-dry\-run set
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix MimeType propagation
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix filters to add ** rules to directory rules
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-L, \-\-copy\-links flag to allow rclone to follow symlinks
.IP \[bu] 2
Open files in write only mode so rclone can write to an rclone mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix unnormalised unicode causing problems reading directories
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix interaction between \-x flag and \-\-max\-depth
.IP \[bu] 2
Mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement proper directory handling (mkdir, rmdir, renaming)
.IP \[bu] 2
Make include and exclude filters apply to mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement read and write async buffers \- control with \-\-buffer\-size
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix fsync on for directories
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix retry on network failure when reading off crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-crypt\-show\-mapping to show encrypted file mapping
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix crypt writer getting stuck in a loop
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]IMPORTANT\f[] this bug had the potential to cause data corruption
when
.IP \[bu] 2
reading data from a network based remote and
.IP \[bu] 2
writing to a crypt on Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Use the cryptcheck command to validate your data if you are concerned
.IP \[bu] 2
If syncing two crypt remotes, sync the unencrypted remote
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix panics on Move (rename)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix panic on token expiry
.IP \[bu] 2
B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix inconsistent listings and rclone check
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading empty files with go1.8
.IP \[bu] 2
Constrain memory usage when doing multipart uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix upload url not being refreshed properly
.IP \[bu] 2
Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix Rmdir on directories with trashed files
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix "Ignoring unknown object" when downloading
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-drive\-list\-chunk
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-drive\-skip\-gdocs (Károly Oláh)
.IP \[bu] 2
OneDrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement Move
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix Copy
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix overwrite detection in Copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix waitForJob to parse errors correctly
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Use token renewer to stop auth errors on long uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading empty files with go1.8
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Cloud Storage
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix depth 1 directory listings
.IP \[bu] 2
Yandex
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix single level directory listing
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Normalise the case for single level directory listings
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix depth 1 listing
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Added ca\-central\-1 region (Jon Yergatian)
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.35 \- 2017\-01\-02
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
moveto and copyto commands for choosing a destination name on copy/move
.IP \[bu] 2
rmdirs command to recursively delete empty directories
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow repeated \-\-include/\-\-exclude/\-\-filter options
.IP \[bu] 2
Only show transfer stats on commands which transfer stuff
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
show stats on any command using the \f[C]\-\-stats\f[] flag
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow overlapping directories in move when server side dir move is
supported
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-stats\-unit option \- thanks Scott McGillivray
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix the config file being overwritten when two rclones are running
.IP \[bu] 2
Make rclone lsd obey the filters properly
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix compilation on mips
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix not transferring files that don\[aq]t differ in size
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix panic on nil retry/fatal error
.IP \[bu] 2
Mount
.IP \[bu] 2
Retry reads on error \- should help with reliability a lot
.IP \[bu] 2
Report the modification times for directories from the remote
.IP \[bu] 2
Add bandwidth accounting and limiting (fixes \-\-bwlimit)
.IP \[bu] 2
If \-\-stats provided will show stats and which files are transferring
.IP \[bu] 2
Support R/W files if truncate is set.
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement statfs interface so df works
.IP \[bu] 2
Note that write is now supported on Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Report number of blocks in a file \- thanks Stefan Breunig
.IP \[bu] 2
Crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Prevent the user pointing crypt at itself
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix failed to authenticate decrypted block errors
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
these will now return the underlying unexpected EOF instead
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for server side move and directory move \- thanks Stefan
Breunig
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix nil pointer deref on size attribute
.IP \[bu] 2
B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Use new prefix and delimiter parameters in directory listings
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This makes \-\-max\-depth 1 dir listings as used in mount much faster
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Reauth the account while doing uploads too \- should help with token
expiry
.IP \[bu] 2
Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Make DirMove more efficient and complain about moving the root
.IP \[bu] 2
Create destination directory on Move()
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.34 \- 2016\-11\-06
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Stop single file and \f[C]\-\-files\-from\f[] operations iterating
through the source bucket.
.IP \[bu] 2
Stop removing failed upload to cloud storage remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
Make ContentType be preserved for cloud to cloud copies
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support to toggle bandwidth limits via SIGUSR2 \- thanks Marco
Paganini
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]rclone\ check\f[] shows count of hashes that couldn\[aq]t be
checked
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]rclone\ listremotes\f[] command
.IP \[bu] 2
Support linux/arm64 build \- thanks Fredrik Fornwall
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove \f[C]Authorization:\f[] lines from \f[C]\-\-dump\-headers\f[]
output
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Ignore files with control characters in the names
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \f[C]rclone\ move\f[] command
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Delete src files which already existed in dst
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix deletion of src file when dst file older
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \f[C]rclone\ check\f[] on crypted file systems
.IP \[bu] 2
Make failed uploads not count as "Transferred"
.IP \[bu] 2
Make sure high level retries show with \f[C]\-q\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Use a vendor directory with godep for repeatable builds
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]rclone\ mount\f[] \- FUSE
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement FUSE mount options
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-no\-modtime\f[], \f[C]\-\-debug\-fuse\f[],
\f[C]\-\-read\-only\f[], \f[C]\-\-allow\-non\-empty\f[],
\f[C]\-\-allow\-root\f[], \f[C]\-\-allow\-other\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-default\-permissions\f[], \f[C]\-\-write\-back\-cache\f[],
\f[C]\-\-max\-read\-ahead\f[], \f[C]\-\-umask\f[], \f[C]\-\-uid\f[],
\f[C]\-\-gid\f[]
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-dir\-cache\-time\f[] to control caching of directory
entries
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement seek for files opened for read (useful for video players)
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
with \f[C]\-no\-seek\f[] flag to disable
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix crash on 32 bit ARM (alignment of 64 bit counter)
.IP \[bu] 2
\&...and many more internal fixes and improvements!
.IP \[bu] 2
Crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t show encrypted password in configurator to stop confusion
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
New wait for upload option \f[C]\-\-acd\-upload\-wait\-per\-gb\f[]
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
upload timeouts scale by file size and can be disabled
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Add 502 Bad Gateway to list of errors we retry
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix overwriting a file with a zero length file
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix ACD file size warning limit \- thanks Felix Bünemann
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Unix: implement \f[C]\-x\f[]/\f[C]\-\-one\-file\-system\f[] to stay on a
single file system
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
thanks Durval Menezes and Luiz Carlos Rumbelsperger Viana
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Windows: ignore the symlink bit on files
.IP \[bu] 2
Windows: Ignore directory based junction points
.IP \[bu] 2
B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Make sure each upload has at least one upload slot \- fixes strange
upload stats
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploads when using crypt
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix download of large files (sha1 mismatch)
.IP \[bu] 2
Return error when we try to create a bucket which someone else owns
.IP \[bu] 2
Update B2 docs with Data usage, and Crypt section \- thanks Tomasz Mazur
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Command line and config file support for
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Setting/overriding ACL \- thanks Radek Senfeld
.IP \[bu] 2
Setting storage class \- thanks Asko Tamm
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Make exponential backoff work exactly as per Google specification
.IP \[bu] 2
add \f[C]\&.epub\f[], \f[C]\&.odp\f[] and \f[C]\&.tsv\f[] as export
formats.
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t read metadata for directory marker objects
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.33 \- 2016\-08\-24
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement encryption
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
data encrypted in NACL secretbox format
.IP \[bu] 2
with optional file name encryption
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
New commands
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone mount \- implements FUSE mounting of remotes (EXPERIMENTAL)
.IP \[bu] 2
works on Linux, FreeBSD and OS X (need testers for the last 2!)
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone cat \- outputs remote file or files to the terminal
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone genautocomplete \- command to make a bash completion script for
rclone
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Editing a remote using \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] now goes through the
wizard
.IP \[bu] 2
Compile with go 1.7 \- this fixes rclone on macOS Sierra and on 386
processors
.IP \[bu] 2
Use cobra for sub commands and docs generation
.IP \[bu] 2
drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Document how to make your own client_id
.IP \[bu] 2
s3
.IP \[bu] 2
User\-configurable Amazon S3 ACL (thanks Radek Šenfeld)
.IP \[bu] 2
b2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix stats accounting for upload \- no more jumping to 100% done
.IP \[bu] 2
On cleanup delete hide marker if it is the current file
.IP \[bu] 2
New B2 API endpoint (thanks Per Cederberg)
.IP \[bu] 2
Set maximum backoff to 5 Minutes
.IP \[bu] 2
onedrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix URL escaping in file names \- eg uploading files with \f[C]+\f[] in
them.
.IP \[bu] 2
amazon cloud drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix token expiry during large uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Work around 408 REQUEST_TIMEOUT and 504 GATEWAY_TIMEOUT errors
.IP \[bu] 2
local
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix filenames with invalid UTF\-8 not being uploaded
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix problem with some UTF\-8 characters on OS X
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.32 \- 2016\-07\-13
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix upload of files large files not in root
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.31 \- 2016\-07\-13
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Reduce memory on sync by about 50%
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-no\-traverse flag to stop copy traversing the destination
remote.
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This can be used to reduce memory usage down to the smallest possible.
.IP \[bu] 2
Useful to copy a small number of files into a large destination folder.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement cleanup command for emptying trash / removing old versions of
files
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Currently B2 only
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Single file handling improved
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Now copied with \-\-files\-from
.IP \[bu] 2
Automatically sets \-\-no\-traverse when copying a single file
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Info on using installing with ansible \- thanks Stefan Weichinger
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-no\-update\-modtime flag to stop rclone fixing the remote
modified times.
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix move command \- stop it running for overlapping Fses \- this was
causing data loss.
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix incomplete hashes \- this was causing problems for B2.
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Rename Amazon Cloud Drive to Amazon Drive \- no changes to config file
needed.
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for non\-default project domain \- thanks Antonio Messina.
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Add instructions on how to use rclone with minio.
.IP \[bu] 2
Add ap\-northeast\-2 (Seoul) and ap\-south\-1 (Mumbai) regions.
.IP \[bu] 2
Skip setting the modified time for objects > 5GB as it isn\[aq]t
possible.
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-b2\-versions flag so old versions can be listed and retreived.
.IP \[bu] 2
Treat 403 errors (eg cap exceeded) as fatal.
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement cleanup command for deleting old file versions.
.IP \[bu] 2
Make error handling compliant with B2 integrations notes.
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix handling of token expiry.
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-b2\-test\-mode to set \f[C]X\-Bz\-Test\-Mode\f[] header.
.IP \[bu] 2
Set cutoff for chunked upload to 200MB as per B2 guidelines.
.IP \[bu] 2
Make upload multi\-threaded.
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t retry 461 errors.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.30 \- 2016\-06\-18
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Directory listing code reworked for more features and better error
reporting (thanks to Klaus Post for help).
This enables
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Directory include filtering for efficiency
.IP \[bu] 2
\-\-max\-depth parameter
.IP \[bu] 2
Better error reporting
.IP \[bu] 2
More to come
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Retry more errors
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-ignore\-size flag \- for uploading images to onedrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Log \-v output to stdout by default
.IP \[bu] 2
Display the transfer stats in more human readable form
.IP \[bu] 2
Make 0 size files specifiable with \f[C]\-\-max\-size\ 0b\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]b\f[] suffix so we can specify bytes in \-\-bwlimit,
\-\-min\-size etc
.IP \[bu] 2
Use "password:" instead of "password>" prompt \- thanks Klaus Post and
Leigh Klotz
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix retry doing one too many retries
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix problems with OS X and UTF\-8 characters
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Check a file exists before uploading to help with 408 Conflict errors
.IP \[bu] 2
Reauth on 401 errors \- this has been causing a lot of problems
.IP \[bu] 2
Work around spurious 403 errors
.IP \[bu] 2
Restart directory listings on error
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Check a file exists before uploading to help with duplicates
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix retry of multipart uploads
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement large file uploading
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Add AES256 server\-side encryption for \- thanks Justin R.
Wilson
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Cloud Storage
.IP \[bu] 2
Make sure we don\[aq]t use conflicting content types on upload
.IP \[bu] 2
Add service account support \- thanks Michal Witkowski
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Add auth version parameter
.IP \[bu] 2
Add domain option for openstack (v3 auth) \- thanks Fabian Ruff
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.29 \- 2016\-04\-18
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]\-I,\ \-\-ignore\-times\f[] for unconditional upload
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve \f[C]dedupe\f[]command
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Now removes identical copies without asking
.IP \[bu] 2
Now obeys \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\f[] for non interactive running
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ interactive\f[] \- interactive the default.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ skip\f[] \- removes identical files then skips
anything left.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ first\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the first one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ newest\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the newest one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ oldest\f[] \- removes identical files then keeps
the oldest one.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]\-\-dedupe\-mode\ rename\f[] \- removes identical files then
renames the rest to be different.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Make rclone check obey the \f[C]\-\-size\-only\f[] flag.
.IP \[bu] 2
Use "application/octet\-stream" if discovered mime type is invalid.
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix missing "quit" option when there are no remotes.
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Increase default chunk size to 8 MB \- increases upload speed of big
files
.IP \[bu] 2
Speed up directory listings and make more reliable
.IP \[bu] 2
Add missing retries for Move and DirMove \- increases reliability
.IP \[bu] 2
Preserve mime type on file update
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Enable mod time syncing
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This means that B2 will now check modification times
.IP \[bu] 2
It will upload new files to update the modification times
.IP \[bu] 2
(there isn\[aq]t an API to just set the mod time.)
.IP \[bu] 2
If you want the old behaviour use \f[C]\-\-size\-only\f[].
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Update API to new version
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix parsing of mod time when not in metadata
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift/Hubic
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t return an MD5SUM for static large objects
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading files bigger than 50GB
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.28 \- 2016\-03\-01
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Configuration file encryption \- thanks Klaus Post
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve \f[C]rclone\ config\f[] adding more help and making it easier to
understand
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]\-u\f[]/\f[C]\-\-update\f[] so creation times can be used
on all remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]\-\-low\-level\-retries\f[] flag
.IP \[bu] 2
Optionally disable gzip compression on downloads with
\f[C]\-\-no\-gzip\-encoding\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Bug fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t make directories if \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[] set
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix and document the \f[C]move\f[] command
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix redirecting stderr on unix\-like OSes when using
\f[C]\-\-log\-file\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \f[C]delete\f[] command to wait until all finished \- fixes missing
deletes.
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
Use one upload URL per go routine fixes
\f[C]more\ than\ one\ upload\ using\ auth\ token\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Add pacing, retries and reauthentication \- fixes token expiry problems
.IP \[bu] 2
Upload without using a temporary file from local (and remotes which
support SHA1)
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix reading metadata for all files when it shouldn\[aq]t have been
.IP \[bu] 2
Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix listing drive documents at root
.IP \[bu] 2
Disable copy and move for Google docs
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading of chunked files with non ASCII characters
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow setting of \f[C]storage_url\f[] in the config \- thanks Xavier
Lucas
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow IAM role and credentials from environment variables \- thanks
Brian Stengaard
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow low privilege users to use S3 (check if directory exists during
Mkdir) \- thanks Jakub Gedeon
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Retry on more things to make directory listings more reliable
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.27 \- 2016\-01\-31
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Easier headless configuration with \f[C]rclone\ authorize\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for multiple hash types \- we now check SHA1 as well as MD5
hashes.
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]delete\f[] command which does obey the filters (unlike
\f[C]purge\f[])
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[C]dedupe\f[] command to deduplicate a remote.
Useful with Google Drive.
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-ignore\-existing\f[] flag to skip all files that exist on
destination.
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-delete\-before\f[], \f[C]\-\-delete\-during\f[],
\f[C]\-\-delete\-after\f[] flags.
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-memprofile\f[] flag to debug memory use.
.IP \[bu] 2
Warn the user about files with same name but different case
.IP \[bu] 2
Make \f[C]\-\-include\f[] rules add their implict exclude * at the end
of the filter list
.IP \[bu] 2
Deprecate compiling with go1.3
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix download of files > 10 GB
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix directory traversal ("Next token is expired") for large directory
listings
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove 409 conflict from error codes we will retry \- stops very long
pauses
.IP \[bu] 2
Backblaze B2
.IP \[bu] 2
SHA1 hashes now checked by rclone core
.IP \[bu] 2
Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-drive\-auth\-owner\-only\f[] to only consider files owned
by the user \- thanks Björn Harrtell
.IP \[bu] 2
Export Google documents
.IP \[bu] 2
Dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Make file exclusion error controllable with \-q
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix upload from unprivileged user.
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix updating of mod times of files with \f[C]+\f[] in.
.IP \[bu] 2
Local
.IP \[bu] 2
Add local file system option to disable UNC on Windows.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.26 \- 2016\-01\-02
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New Features
.IP \[bu] 2
Yandex storage backend \- thank you Dmitry Burdeev ("dibu")
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement Backblaze B2 storage backend
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-min\-age and \-\-max\-age flags \- thank you Adriano Aurélio
Meirelles
.IP \[bu] 2
Make ls/lsl/md5sum/size/check obey includes and excludes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix crash in http logging
.IP \[bu] 2
Upload releases to github too
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix sync for chunked files
.IP \[bu] 2
OneDrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Re\-enable server side copy
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t mask HTTP error codes with JSON decode error
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix corrupting Content\-Type on mod time update (thanks Joseph Spurrier)
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.25 \- 2015\-11\-14
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement Hubic storage system
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix deletion of some excluded files without \-\-delete\-excluded
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This could have deleted files unexpectedly on sync
.IP \[bu] 2
Always check first with \f[C]\-\-dry\-run\f[]!
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Stop SetModTime losing metadata (eg X\-Object\-Manifest)
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This could have caused data loss for files > 5GB in size
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Use ContentType from Object to avoid lookups in listings
.IP \[bu] 2
OneDrive
.IP \[bu] 2
disable server side copy as it seems to be broken at Microsoft
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.24 \- 2015\-11\-07
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Add support for Microsoft OneDrive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-no\-check\-certificate\f[] option to disable server
certificate verification
.IP \[bu] 2
Add async readahead buffer for faster transfer of big files
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow spaces in remotes and check remote names for validity at creation
time
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow \[aq]&\[aq] and disallow \[aq]:\[aq] in Windows filenames.
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Ignore directory marker objects where appropriate \- allows working with
Hubic
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t delete the container if fs wasn\[aq]t at root
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t delete the bucket if fs wasn\[aq]t at root
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Cloud Storage
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t delete the bucket if fs wasn\[aq]t at root
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.23 \- 2015\-10\-03
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \f[C]rclone\ size\f[] for measuring remotes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix headless config for drive and gcs
.IP \[bu] 2
Tell the user they should try again if the webserver method failed
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve output of \f[C]\-\-dump\-headers\f[]
.IP \[bu] 2
S3
.IP \[bu] 2
Allow anonymous access to public buckets
.IP \[bu] 2
Swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Stop chunked operations logging "Failed to read info: Object Not Found"
.IP \[bu] 2
Use Content\-Length on uploads for extra reliability
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.22 \- 2015\-09\-28
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement rsync like include and exclude flags
.IP \[bu] 2
swift
.IP \[bu] 2
Support files > 5GB \- thanks Sergey Tolmachev
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.21 \- 2015\-09\-22
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Display individual transfer progress
.IP \[bu] 2
Make lsl output times in localtime
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix allowing user to override credentials again in Drive, GCS and ACD
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement compliant pacing scheme
.IP \[bu] 2
Google Drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Make directory reads concurrent for increased speed.
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.20 \- 2015\-09\-15
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Amazon Drive support
.IP \[bu] 2
Oauth support redone \- fix many bugs and improve usability
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Use "golang.org/x/oauth2" as oauth libary of choice
.IP \[bu] 2
Improve oauth usability for smoother initial signup
.IP \[bu] 2
drive, googlecloudstorage: optionally use auto config for the oauth
token
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-dump\-headers and \-\-dump\-bodies debug flags
.IP \[bu] 2
Show multiple matched commands if abbreviation too short
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement server side move where possible
.IP \[bu] 2
local
.IP \[bu] 2
Always use UNC paths internally on Windows \- fixes a lot of bugs
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
force use of our custom transport which makes timeouts work
.IP \[bu] 2
Thanks to Klaus Post for lots of help with this release
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.19 \- 2015\-08\-28
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
New features
.IP \[bu] 2
Server side copies for s3/swift/drive/dropbox/gcs
.IP \[bu] 2
Move command \- uses server side copies if it can
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-retries flag \- tries 3 times by default
.IP \[bu] 2
Build for plan9/amd64 and solaris/amd64 too
.IP \[bu] 2
Fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
Make a current version download with a fixed URL for scripting
.IP \[bu] 2
Ignore rmdir in limited fs rather than throwing error
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Increase chunk size to improve upload speeds massively
.IP \[bu] 2
Issue an error message when trying to upload bad file name
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.18 \- 2015\-08\-17
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \f[C]\-\-drive\-use\-trash\f[] flag so rclone trashes instead of
deletes
.IP \[bu] 2
Add "Forbidden to download" message for files with no downloadURL
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove datastore
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
This was deprecated and it caused a lot of problems
.IP \[bu] 2
Modification times and MD5SUMs no longer stored
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading files > 2GB
.IP \[bu] 2
s3
.IP \[bu] 2
use official AWS SDK from github.com/aws/aws\-sdk\-go
.IP \[bu] 2
\f[B]NB\f[] will most likely require you to delete and recreate remote
.IP \[bu] 2
enable multipart upload which enables files > 5GB
.IP \[bu] 2
tested with Ceph / RadosGW / S3 emulation
.IP \[bu] 2
many thanks to Sam Liston and Brian Haymore at the Utah Center for High
Performance Computing (https://www.chpc.utah.edu/) for a Ceph test
account
.IP \[bu] 2
misc
.IP \[bu] 2
Show errors when reading the config file
.IP \[bu] 2
Do not print stats in quiet mode \- thanks Leonid Shalupov
.IP \[bu] 2
Add FAQ
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix created directories not obeying umask
.IP \[bu] 2
Linux installation instructions \- thanks Shimon Doodkin
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.17 \- 2015\-06\-14
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox: fix case insensitivity issues \- thanks Leonid Shalupov
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.16 \- 2015\-06\-09
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix uploading big files which was causing timeouts or panics
.IP \[bu] 2
Don\[aq]t check md5sum after download with \-\-size\-only
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.15 \- 2015\-06\-06
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-checksum flag to only discard transfers by MD5SUM \- thanks Alex
Couper
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-size\-only flag to sync on size not checksum & modtime
.IP \[bu] 2
Expand docs and remove duplicated information
.IP \[bu] 2
Document rclone\[aq]s limitations with directories
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox: update docs about case insensitivity
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.14 \- 2015\-05\-21
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
local: fix encoding of non utf\-8 file names \- fixes a duplicate file
problem
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: docs about rate limiting
.IP \[bu] 2
google cloud storage: Fix compile after API change in
"google.golang.org/api/storage/v1"
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.13 \- 2015\-05\-10
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Revise documentation (especially sync)
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-timeout and \-\-conntimeout
.IP \[bu] 2
s3: ignore etags from multipart uploads which aren\[aq]t md5sums
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.12 \- 2015\-03\-15
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: Use chunked upload for files above a certain size
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: add \-\-drive\-chunk\-size and \-\-drive\-upload\-cutoff
parameters
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: switch to insert from update when a failed copy deletes the
upload
.IP \[bu] 2
core: Log duplicate files if they are detected
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.11 \- 2015\-03\-04
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
swift: add region parameter
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix crash on failed to update remote mtime
.IP \[bu] 2
In remote paths, change native directory separators to /
.IP \[bu] 2
Add synchronization to ls/lsl/lsd output to stop corruptions
.IP \[bu] 2
Ensure all stats/log messages to go stderr
.IP \[bu] 2
Add \-\-log\-file flag to log everything (including panics) to file
.IP \[bu] 2
Make it possible to disable stats printing with \-\-stats=0
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement \-\-bwlimit to limit data transfer bandwidth
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.10 \- 2015\-02\-12
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
s3: list an unlimited number of items
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix getting stuck in the configurator
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.09 \- 2015\-02\-07
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
windows: Stop drive letters (eg C:) getting mixed up with remotes (eg
drive:)
.IP \[bu] 2
local: Fix directory separators on Windows
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix rate limit exceeded errors
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.08 \- 2015\-02\-04
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix subdirectory listing to not list entire drive
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: Fix SetModTime
.IP \[bu] 2
dropbox: adapt code to recent library changes
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.07 \- 2014\-12\-23
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
google cloud storage: fix memory leak
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.06 \- 2014\-12\-12
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix "Couldn\[aq]t find home directory" on OSX
.IP \[bu] 2
swift: Add tenant parameter
.IP \[bu] 2
Use new location of Google API packages
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.05 \- 2014\-08\-09
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Improved tests and consequently lots of minor fixes
.IP \[bu] 2
core: Fix race detected by go race detector
.IP \[bu] 2
core: Fixes after running errcheck
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: reset root directory on Rmdir and Purge
.IP \[bu] 2
fs: Document that Purger returns error on empty directory, test and fix
.IP \[bu] 2
google cloud storage: fix ListDir on subdirectory
.IP \[bu] 2
google cloud storage: re\-read metadata in SetModTime
.IP \[bu] 2
s3: make reading metadata more reliable to work around eventual
consistency problems
.IP \[bu] 2
s3: strip trailing / from ListDir()
.IP \[bu] 2
swift: return directories without / in ListDir
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.04 \- 2014\-07\-21
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
google cloud storage: Fix crash on Update
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.03 \- 2014\-07\-20
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
swift, s3, dropbox: fix updated files being marked as corrupted
.IP \[bu] 2
Make compile with go 1.1 again
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.02 \- 2014\-07\-19
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement Dropbox remote
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement Google Cloud Storage remote
.IP \[bu] 2
Verify Md5sums and Sizes after copies
.IP \[bu] 2
Remove times from "ls" command \- lists sizes only
.IP \[bu] 2
Add add "lsl" \- lists times and sizes
.IP \[bu] 2
Add "md5sum" command
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.01 \- 2014\-07\-04
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix transfer of big files using up lots of memory
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v1.00 \- 2014\-07\-03
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix whole second dates
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.99 \- 2014\-06\-26
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Fix \-\-dry\-run not working
.IP \[bu] 2
Make compatible with go 1.1
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.98 \- 2014\-05\-30
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
s3: Treat missing Content\-Length as 0 for some ceph installations
.IP \[bu] 2
rclonetest: add file with a space in
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.97 \- 2014\-05\-05
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Implement copying of single files
.IP \[bu] 2
s3 & swift: support paths inside containers/buckets
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.96 \- 2014\-04\-24
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: Fix multiple files of same name being created
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: Use o.Update and fs.Put to optimise transfers
.IP \[bu] 2
Add version number, \-V and \-\-version
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.95 \- 2014\-03\-28
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
rclone.org: website, docs and graphics
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: fix path parsing
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.94 \- 2014\-03\-27
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Change remote format one last time
.IP \[bu] 2
GNU style flags
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.93 \- 2014\-03\-16
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
drive: store token in config file
.IP \[bu] 2
cross compile other versions
.IP \[bu] 2
set strict permissions on config file
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.92 \- 2014\-03\-15
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Config fixes and \-\-config option
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.91 \- 2014\-03\-15
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Make config file
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.90 \- 2013\-06\-27
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Project named rclone
.RE
.IP \[bu] 2
v0.00 \- 2012\-11\-18
.RS 2
.IP \[bu] 2
Project started
.RE
.SS Bugs and Limitations
.SS Empty directories are left behind / not created
.PP
With remotes that have a concept of directory, eg Local and Drive, empty
directories may be left behind, or not created when one was expected.
.PP
This is because rclone doesn\[aq]t have a concept of a directory \- it
only works on objects.
Most of the object storage systems can\[aq]t actually store a directory
so there is nowhere for rclone to store anything about directories.
.PP
You can work round this to some extent with the\f[C]purge\f[] command
which will delete everything under the path, \f[B]inluding\f[] empty
directories.
.PP
This may be fixed at some point in Issue
#100 (https://github.com/ncw/rclone/issues/100)
.SS Directory timestamps aren\[aq]t preserved
.PP
For the same reason as the above, rclone doesn\[aq]t have a concept of a
directory \- it only works on objects, therefore it can\[aq]t preserve
the timestamps of directories.
.SS Frequently Asked Questions
.SS Do all cloud storage systems support all rclone commands
.PP
Yes they do.
All the rclone commands (eg \f[C]sync\f[], \f[C]copy\f[] etc) will work
on all the remote storage systems.
.SS Can I copy the config from one machine to another
.PP
Sure! Rclone stores all of its config in a single file.
If you want to find this file, the simplest way is to run
\f[C]rclone\ \-h\f[] and look at the help for the \f[C]\-\-config\f[]
flag which will tell you where it is.
.PP
See the remote setup docs (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/) for more
info.
.SS How do I configure rclone on a remote / headless box with no
browser?
.PP
This has now been documented in its own remote setup
page (https://rclone.org/remote_setup/).
.SS Can rclone sync directly from drive to s3
.PP
Rclone can sync between two remote cloud storage systems just fine.
.PP
Note that it effectively downloads the file and uploads it again, so the
node running rclone would need to have lots of bandwidth.
.PP
The syncs would be incremental (on a file by file basis).
.PP
Eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
rclone\ sync\ drive:Folder\ s3:bucket
\f[]
.fi
.SS Using rclone from multiple locations at the same time
.PP
You can use rclone from multiple places at the same time if you choose
different subdirectory for the output, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Server\ A>\ rclone\ sync\ /tmp/whatever\ remote:ServerA
Server\ B>\ rclone\ sync\ /tmp/whatever\ remote:ServerB
\f[]
.fi
.PP
If you sync to the same directory then you should use rclone copy
otherwise the two rclones may delete each others files, eg
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Server\ A>\ rclone\ copy\ /tmp/whatever\ remote:Backup
Server\ B>\ rclone\ copy\ /tmp/whatever\ remote:Backup
\f[]
.fi
.PP
The file names you upload from Server A and Server B should be different
in this case, otherwise some file systems (eg Drive) may make
duplicates.
.SS Why doesn\[aq]t rclone support partial transfers / binary diffs like
rsync?
.PP
Rclone stores each file you transfer as a native object on the remote
cloud storage system.
This means that you can see the files you upload as expected using
alternative access methods (eg using the Google Drive web interface).
There is a 1:1 mapping between files on your hard disk and objects
created in the cloud storage system.
.PP
Cloud storage systems (at least none I\[aq]ve come across yet) don\[aq]t
support partially uploading an object.
You can\[aq]t take an existing object, and change some bytes in the
middle of it.
.PP
It would be possible to make a sync system which stored binary diffs
instead of whole objects like rclone does, but that would break the 1:1
mapping of files on your hard disk to objects in the remote cloud
storage system.
.PP
All the cloud storage systems support partial downloads of content, so
it would be possible to make partial downloads work.
However to make this work efficiently this would require storing a
significant amount of metadata, which breaks the desired 1:1 mapping of
files to objects.
.SS Can rclone do bi\-directional sync?
.PP
No, not at present.
rclone only does uni\-directional sync from A \-> B.
It may do in the future though since it has all the primitives \- it
just requires writing the algorithm to do it.
.SS Can I use rclone with an HTTP proxy?
.PP
Yes.
rclone will use the environment variables \f[C]HTTP_PROXY\f[],
\f[C]HTTPS_PROXY\f[] and \f[C]NO_PROXY\f[], similar to cURL and other
programs.
.PP
\f[C]HTTPS_PROXY\f[] takes precedence over \f[C]HTTP_PROXY\f[] for https
requests.
.PP
The environment values may be either a complete URL or a "host[:port]",
in which case the "http" scheme is assumed.
.PP
The \f[C]NO_PROXY\f[] allows you to disable the proxy for specific
hosts.
Hosts must be comma separated, and can contain domains or parts.
For instance "foo.com" also matches "bar.foo.com".
.SS Rclone gives x509: failed to load system roots and no roots provided
error
.PP
This means that \f[C]rclone\f[] can\[aq]t file the SSL root
certificates.
Likely you are running \f[C]rclone\f[] on a NAS with a cut\-down Linux
OS, or possibly on Solaris.
.PP
Rclone (via the Go runtime) tries to load the root certificates from
these places on Linux.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
"/etc/ssl/certs/ca\-certificates.crt",\ //\ Debian/Ubuntu/Gentoo\ etc.
"/etc/pki/tls/certs/ca\-bundle.crt",\ \ \ //\ Fedora/RHEL
"/etc/ssl/ca\-bundle.pem",\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ //\ OpenSUSE
"/etc/pki/tls/cacert.pem",\ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ \ //\ OpenELEC
\f[]
.fi
.PP
So doing something like this should fix the problem.
It also sets the time which is important for SSL to work properly.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
mkdir\ \-p\ /etc/ssl/certs/
curl\ \-o\ /etc/ssl/certs/ca\-certificates.crt\ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bagder/ca\-bundle/master/ca\-bundle.crt
ntpclient\ \-s\ \-h\ pool.ntp.org
\f[]
.fi
.PP
Note that you may need to add the \f[C]\-\-insecure\f[] option to the
\f[C]curl\f[] command line if it doesn\[aq]t work without.
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
curl\ \-\-insecure\ \-o\ /etc/ssl/certs/ca\-certificates.crt\ https://raw.githubusercontent.com/bagder/ca\-bundle/master/ca\-bundle.crt
\f[]
.fi
.SS Rclone gives Failed to load config file: function not implemented
error
.PP
Likely this means that you are running rclone on Linux version not
supported by the go runtime, ie earlier than version 2.6.23.
.PP
See the system requirements section in the go install
docs (https://golang.org/doc/install) for full details.
.SS All my uploaded docx/xlsx/pptx files appear as archive/zip
.PP
This is caused by uploading these files from a Windows computer which
hasn\[aq]t got the Microsoft Office suite installed.
The easiest way to fix is to install the Word viewer and the Microsoft
Office Compatibility Pack for Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 and later
versions\[aq] file formats
.SS License
.PP
This is free software under the terms of MIT the license (check the
COPYING file included with the source code).
.IP
.nf
\f[C]
Copyright\ (C)\ 2012\ by\ Nick\ Craig\-Wood\ https://www.craig\-wood.com/nick/

Permission\ is\ hereby\ granted,\ free\ of\ charge,\ to\ any\ person\ obtaining\ a\ copy
of\ this\ software\ and\ associated\ documentation\ files\ (the\ "Software"),\ to\ deal
in\ the\ Software\ without\ restriction,\ including\ without\ limitation\ the\ rights
to\ use,\ copy,\ modify,\ merge,\ publish,\ distribute,\ sublicense,\ and/or\ sell
copies\ of\ the\ Software,\ and\ to\ permit\ persons\ to\ whom\ the\ Software\ is
furnished\ to\ do\ so,\ subject\ to\ the\ following\ conditions:

The\ above\ copyright\ notice\ and\ this\ permission\ notice\ shall\ be\ included\ in
all\ copies\ or\ substantial\ portions\ of\ the\ Software.

THE\ SOFTWARE\ IS\ PROVIDED\ "AS\ IS",\ WITHOUT\ WARRANTY\ OF\ ANY\ KIND,\ EXPRESS\ OR
IMPLIED,\ INCLUDING\ BUT\ NOT\ LIMITED\ TO\ THE\ WARRANTIES\ OF\ MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS\ FOR\ A\ PARTICULAR\ PURPOSE\ AND\ NONINFRINGEMENT.\ IN\ NO\ EVENT\ SHALL\ THE
AUTHORS\ OR\ COPYRIGHT\ HOLDERS\ BE\ LIABLE\ FOR\ ANY\ CLAIM,\ DAMAGES\ OR\ OTHER
LIABILITY,\ WHETHER\ IN\ AN\ ACTION\ OF\ CONTRACT,\ TORT\ OR\ OTHERWISE,\ ARISING\ FROM,
OUT\ OF\ OR\ IN\ CONNECTION\ WITH\ THE\ SOFTWARE\ OR\ THE\ USE\ OR\ OTHER\ DEALINGS\ IN
THE\ SOFTWARE.
\f[]
.fi
.SS Authors
.IP \[bu] 2
Nick Craig\-Wood <nick@craig-wood.com>
.SS Contributors
.IP \[bu] 2
Alex Couper <amcouper@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Leonid Shalupov <leonid@shalupov.com> <shalupov@diverse.org.ru>
.IP \[bu] 2
Shimon Doodkin <helpmepro1@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Colin Nicholson <colin@colinn.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Klaus Post <klauspost@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Sergey Tolmachev <tolsi.ru@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Adriano Aurélio Meirelles <adriano@atinge.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
C.
Bess <cbess@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Dmitry Burdeev <dibu28@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Joseph Spurrier <github@josephspurrier.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Björn Harrtell <bjorn@wololo.org>
.IP \[bu] 2
Xavier Lucas <xavier.lucas@corp.ovh.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Werner Beroux <werner@beroux.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Brian Stengaard <brian@stengaard.eu>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jakub Gedeon <jgedeon@sofi.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jim Tittsler <jwt@onjapan.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
Michal Witkowski <michal@improbable.io>
.IP \[bu] 2
Fabian Ruff <fabian.ruff@sap.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Leigh Klotz <klotz@quixey.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Romain Lapray <lapray.romain@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Justin R.
Wilson <jrw972@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Antonio Messina <antonio.s.messina@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Stefan G.
Weichinger <office@oops.co.at>
.IP \[bu] 2
Per Cederberg <cederberg@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Radek Šenfeld <rush@logic.cz>
.IP \[bu] 2
Fredrik Fornwall <fredrik@fornwall.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
Asko Tamm <asko@deekit.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
xor\-zz <xor@gstocco.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Tomasz Mazur <tmazur90@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Marco Paganini <paganini@paganini.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
Felix Bünemann <buenemann@louis.info>
.IP \[bu] 2
Durval Menezes <jmrclone@durval.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Luiz Carlos Rumbelsperger Viana <maxd13_luiz_carlos@hotmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Stefan Breunig <stefan-github@yrden.de>
.IP \[bu] 2
Alishan Ladhani <ali-l@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
0xJAKE <0xJAKE@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Thibault Molleman <thibaultmol@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Scott McGillivray <scott.mcgillivray@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Bjørn Erik Pedersen <bjorn.erik.pedersen@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Lukas Loesche <lukas@mesosphere.io>
.IP \[bu] 2
emyarod <allllaboutyou@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
T.C.
Ferguson <tcf909@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Brandur <brandur@mutelight.org>
.IP \[bu] 2
Dario Giovannetti <dev@dariogiovannetti.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
Károly Oláh <okaresz@aol.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jon Yergatian <jon@macfanatic.ca>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jack Schmidt <github@mowsey.org>
.IP \[bu] 2
Dedsec1 <Dedsec1@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Hisham Zarka <hzarka@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jérôme Vizcaino <jerome.vizcaino@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Mike Tesch <mjt6129@rit.edu>
.IP \[bu] 2
Marvin Watson <marvwatson@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Danny Tsai <danny8376@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Yoni Jah <yonjah+git@gmail.com> <yonjah+github@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Stephen Harris <github@spuddy.org>
.IP \[bu] 2
Ihor Dvoretskyi <ihor.dvoretskyi@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Jon Craton <jncraton@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Hraban Luyat <hraban@0brg.net>
.IP \[bu] 2
Michael Ledin <mledin89@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Martin Kristensen <me@azgul.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Too Much IO <toomuchio@users.noreply.github.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Anisse Astier <anisse@astier.eu>
.IP \[bu] 2
Zahiar Ahmed <zahiar@live.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Igor Kharin <igorkharin@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Bill Zissimopoulos <billziss@navimatics.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Bob Potter <bobby.potter@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Steven Lu <tacticalazn@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Sjur Fredriksen <sjurtf@ifi.uio.no>
.IP \[bu] 2
Ruwbin <hubus12345@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Fabian Möller <fabianm88@gmail.com>
.IP \[bu] 2
Edward Q.
Bridges <github@eqbridges.com>
.SH Contact the rclone project
.SS Forum
.PP
Forum for general discussions and questions:
.IP \[bu] 2
https://forum.rclone.org
.SS Gitub project
.PP
The project website is at:
.IP \[bu] 2
https://github.com/ncw/rclone
.PP
There you can file bug reports, ask for help or contribute pull
requests.
.SS Google+
.PP
Rclone has a Google+ page which announcements are posted to
.IP \[bu] 2
Google+ page for general comments
.SS Twitter
.PP
You can also follow me on twitter for rclone announcments
.IP \[bu] 2
[\@njcw](https://twitter.com/njcw)
.SS Email
.PP
Or if all else fails or you want to ask something private or
confidential email Nick Craig\-Wood (mailto:nick@craig-wood.com)
.SH AUTHORS
Nick Craig\-Wood.