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@ -379,71 +379,71 @@ DEVICE_TYPE_CPU * 22700 1 N
DEVICE_TYPE_GPU * 22700 1 N 1 DEVICE_TYPE_GPU * 22700 1 N 1
## Here's an example of how to manually tune SCRYPT algorithm kernels for your hardware. ## Here's an example of how to manually tune SCRYPT algorithm kernels for your hardware.
## Manually tuning on GPU will yield very good results. For CPU there is not typically a significant change. ## Manually tuning the GPU will yield increased performance. There is typically no noticeable change to CPU performance.
## ##
## First, you need to know the parameters of your SCRYPT hash: N, r and p. ## First, you need to know the parameters of your SCRYPT hash: N, r and p.
## ##
## In the SCRYPT reference implementation those parameters are N=14, r=8 and p=1, but these will likely not match the parameters used by real-world applications. ## The reference SCRYPT parameter values are N=14, r=8 and p=1, but these will likely not match the parameters used by real-world applications.
## By reference, the N value represents an exponent (2^N, which we calculate as 1 bit shifted left by N). ## For reference, the N value represents an exponent (2^N, which we calculate by bit shifting 1 left by N bits).
## Hashcat expects this N value in decimal: 1 << 14 = 16384 ## Hashcat expects this N value in decimal format: 1 << 14 = 16384
## ##
## Now that you have the 3 configuration items in decimal, multiply them with 128 (underlaying crypto primitive block size). ## Now that you have the 3 configuration items in decimal format, multiply them by 128 (underlaying crypto primitive block size).
## For example: 128 * 16384 * 8 * 1 = 16777216 = 16MB ## For example: 128 * 16384 * 8 * 1 = 16777216 = 16MB
## This is the amount of memory required on the GPU to compute the hash of one password candidate. ## This is the amount of memory required for the GPU to compute the hash of one password candidate.
## ##
## Hashcat computes multiple password candidates in parallel - this is what allows for full utilization of the device. ## Hashcat computes multiple password candidates in parallel - this is what allows for full utilization of the device.
## The number of password candidates Hashcat can run in parallel is VRAM limited and depends on: ## The number of password candidates that Hashcat can run in parallel is VRAM limited and depends on:
## ##
## 1. Compute devices' native compute units ## 1. Compute devices' native compute units
## 2. Compute devices' native thread count ## 2. Compute devices' native thread count
## 3. Artificial multiplier (--kernel-accel aka -n) ## 3. Artificial multiplier (--kernel-accel aka -n)
## ##
## In order to find out these values: ## In order to find these values:
## ##
## 1. On startup Hashcat will show: * Device #1: GeForce GTX 980, 3963/4043 MB, 16MCU. The 16 MCU is the number of compute units on that device. ## 1. On startup Hashcat will show: * Device #1: GeForce GTX 980, 3963/4043 MB, 16MCU. The 16 MCU is the number of compute units on that device.
## 2. Native thread counts are fixed values: CPU=1, GPU-Intel=8, GPU-AMD=64 (wavefronts), GPU-NVIDIA=32 (warps) ## 2. Native thread counts are fixed values: CPU=1, GPU-Intel=8, GPU-AMD=64 (wavefronts), GPU-NVIDIA=32 (warps)
## ##
## Now simply multiply them together. For my GTX980: 16 * 32 * 16777216 = 8589934592 = 8GB ## Now multiply them together. For my GTX980: 16 * 32 * 16777216 = 8589934592 = 8GB
## ##
## So what this means is that if we want to actually make use of all computing resource, this GPU would require 8GB of GPU RAM. ## If we want to actually make use of all computing resources, this GPU would require 8GB of GPU RAM.
## However, it doesn't have that: ## However, it doesn't have that:
## ##
## Device #1: GeForce GTX 980, 3963/4043 MB, 16MCU. We only have 4043 MB (4GB minus some overhead from the OS). ## Device #1: GeForce GTX 980, 3963/4043 MB, 16MCU. We only have 4043 MB (4GB minus some overhead from the OS).
## ##
## So how do we deal with this? This is were SCRYPT TMTO(time-memory trde off) kicks in. The SCRYPT algorithm is designed in such a way that we ## How do we deal with this? This is where SCRYPT TMTO(time-memory trde off) kicks in. The SCRYPT algorithm is designed in such a way that we
## can precomputate that 16MB buffer from a self-choosen offset. Going into detail here on how this actually works is not important. ## can pre-compute that 16MB buffer from a self-choosen offset. Details on how this actually works are not important for this process.
## ##
## What's relevant to us is that we can half the buffer size, but in doing so we pay with twice the computation time. ## What's relevant to us is that we can halve the buffer size, but we pay with twice the computation time.
## We can repeat this as often as we want. That's why it's a trade-off. ## We can repeat this as often as we want. That's why it's a trade-off.
## ##
## This mechanic can be manually set using --scrypt-tmto on the commandline, but won't typically need to. ## This mechanic can be manually set using --scrypt-tmto on the commandline, but this is not the best way.
## ##
## So back to our problem. We need 8GB of memory but have only 4GB. ## Back to our problem. We need 8GB of memory but have only ~4GB.
## Actually, it's not full 4GB. The OS needs some of it and Hashcat needs some of it to store password candidates and other things. ## It's not a full 4GB. The OS needs some of it and Hashcat needs some of it to store password candidates and other things.
## If you run a headless server it should be safe to subtract a fixed value of 200MB from whatever you have in your GPU. ## If you run a headless server it should be safe to subtract a fixed value of 200MB from whatever you have in your GPU.
## ##
## So lets divide our required memory(8GB) by 2 until it fits in our VRAM -200MB. ## So lets divide our required memory(8GB) by 2 until it fits in our VRAM - 200MB.
## ##
## (8GB >> 0) = 8GB < 3.8GB = No, Does not fit ## (8GB >> 0) = 8GB < 3.8GB = No, Does not fit
## (8GB >> 1) = 4GB < 3.8GB = No, Does not fit ## (8GB >> 1) = 4GB < 3.8GB = No, Does not fit
## (8GB >> 2) = 2GB < 3.8GB = Yes! ## (8GB >> 2) = 2GB < 3.8GB = Yes!
## ##
## This process is automated in Hashcat, but it is important to understand what's actually happening here. ## This process is automated in Hashcat, but it is important to understand what's happening here.
## Because of the little overhead from the OS and Hashcat we pay a very high price. ## Because of the light overhead from the OS and Hashcat, we pay a very high price.
## Even though it is just 200MB, it forces us to increase the TMTO by another step. ## Even though it is just 200MB, it forces us to increase the TMTO by another step.
## In terms of speed, the speed is now only 1/4 of what we could archieve on that same GPU if it had only 8.2GB ram. ## In terms of speed, the speed is now only 1/4 of what we could archieve on that same GPU if it had only 8.2GB ram.
## But now we end up in a situation that we waste 1.8GB RAM which costs us ((1.8GB/16MB)>>1) candidates/second. ## But now we end up in a situation that we waste 1.8GB RAM which costs us ((1.8GB/16MB)>>1) candidates/second.
## ##
## This is where we can step in with manual tuning. We can override the above algorithm slightly to our advantage. ## This is where manual tuning can come into play.
## If we know that we the resources we need are close to what we have (in this case 3.8GB <-> 4.0GB) ## If we know that the resources we need are close to what we have (in this case 3.8GB <-> 4.0GB)
## We could decide to throw away some of our compute units so that we will no longer need 4.0GB but only 3.8GB ## We could decide to throw away some of our compute units so that we will no longer need 4.0GB but only 3.8GB.
## and therefore we do not need to increase the TMTO by another step to fit in VRAM. ## Therefore, we do not need to increase the TMTO by another step to fit in VRAM.
## ##
## If we cut down our 16 MCU to only 15 MCU or 14 MCU using --kernel-accel(-n), we end up with: ## If we cut down our 16 MCU to only 15 MCU or 14 MCU using --kernel-accel(-n), we end up with:
## ##
## 16 * 32 * 16777216 = 8589934592 / 2 = 4294967296 = 4.00GB < 3.80GB = Nope, next ## 16 * 32 * 16777216 = 8589934592 / 2 = 4294967296 = 4.00GB < 3.80GB = Nope, next
## 15 * 32 * 16777216 = 8053063680 / 2 = 4026531840 = 3.84GB < 3.80GB = Nope, next ## 15 * 32 * 16777216 = 8053063680 / 2 = 4026531840 = 3.84GB < 3.80GB = Nope, next
## 14 * 32 * 16777216 = 7516192768 / 2 = 3758096384 = 3.58GB < 3.80GB = Yes! ## 14 * 32 * 16777216 = 7516192768 / 2 = 3758096384 = 3.58GB < 3.80GB = Yes!
## ##
## So we can throw away 2/16 compute units, but save half of the computation trade-off on the rest of the compute device. ## So we can throw away 2/16 compute units, but save half of the computation trade-off on the rest of the compute device.
## On my GTX980, this improves the performance from 163 H/s to 201 H/s. ## On my GTX980, this improves the performance from 163 H/s to 201 H/s.
@ -452,20 +452,21 @@ DEVICE_TYPE_GPU * 22700 1 N
## ##
## At this point, you found the optimal base value for your compute device. In this case: 14. ## At this point, you found the optimal base value for your compute device. In this case: 14.
## ##
## Depending on our hardware, especially with hardware with very slow memory access like GPU ## Depending on our hardware, especially hardware with very slow memory access like a GPU
## there's a good chance that it's cheaper (faster) to compute an extra step on the GPU register. ## there's a good chance that it's cheaper (faster) to compute an extra step on the GPU register.
## So if we increase the TMTO again by one, this gives an extra speed update. ## So if we increase the TMTO again by one, this gives an extra speed boost.
## ##
## On my GTX980, this improves the performance from 201 H/s to 255 H/s. ## On my GTX980, this improves the performance from 201 H/s to 255 H/s.
## Again, there's no need to control this with --scrypt-tmto. Hashcat will realize it has to increase the TMTO again. ## Again, there's no need to control this with --scrypt-tmto. Hashcat will realize it has to increase the TMTO again.
## ##
## All together, you can control all of this by using the -n parameter in the command line. ## All together, you can control all of this by using the -n parameter in the command line.
## This is not ideal in a production environment because you must use the --force flag. ## This is not ideal in a production environment because you must use the --force flag.
## The best way to set this is using this Hashcat.hctune file to store it. This avoids the need to bypass any warnings. ## The best way to set this is by using this Hashcat.hctune file to store it. This avoids the need to bypass any warnings.
## ##
## Find the ideal -n value, then store it here along with the proper compute device name. ## Find the ideal -n value, then store it here along with the proper compute device name.
## Formatting guidelines are availabe at the top of this document. ## Formatting guidelines are availabe at the top of this document.
GeForce_GTX_980 * 8900 1 28 1 GeForce_GTX_980 * 8900 1 28 1
GeForce_GTX_980 * 9300 1 128 1 GeForce_GTX_980 * 9300 1 128 1
GeForce_GTX_980 * 15700 1 1 1 GeForce_GTX_980 * 15700 1 1 1